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In this letter, we study some evolution networks that grow with linear preferential attachment. Based upon some recent results on the quotient Gamma function, we give a rigorous proof of the asymptotic Mandelbrot law for the degree…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2014-06-10 Li Li

Preferential attachment graphs are random graphs designed to mimic properties of typical real world networks. They are constructed by a random process that iteratively adds vertices and attaches them preferentially to vertices that already…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-03-30 Jan Dreier , Philipp Kuinke , Peter Rossmanith

The degree distribution of a real world network -- the number of links per node -- often follows a power law, with some hubs having many more links than traditional graph generation methods predict. For years, preferential attachment and…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Josh Johnston , Tim Andersen

This paper presents a tighter bound on the degree distribution of arbitrary P\'{o}lya urn graph processes, proving that the proportion of vertices with degree $d$ obeys a power-law distribution $P(d) \propto d^{-\gamma}$ for $d \leq…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-12-02 Rasul Tutunov , Haitham Bou Ammar , Ali Jadbabaie , Eric Eaton

This paper provides time-dependent expressions for the expected degree distribution of a given network that is subject to growth, as a function of time. We consider both uniform attachment, where incoming nodes form links to existing nodes…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-12-16 Babak Fotouhi , Michael G. Rabbat

For $0<\alpha<1,$ and $\theta>-\alpha,$ let $(S^{-\alpha}_{\alpha,\theta+r})_{\{r\ge 0\}}$ denote an increasing(decreasing) sequence of variables forming a time inhomogeneous Markov chain whose marginal distributions are equivalent to…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-10-13 Lancelot F. James

Recently there have been a tremendous interest in models of networks with a power-law distribution of degree -- so called "scale-free networks." It has been observed that such networks, normally, have extremely short path-lengths, scaling…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2007-05-23 Petter Holme

We propose a model to create synthetic networks that may also serve as a narrative of a certain kind of infrastructure network evolution. It consists of an initialization phase with the network extending tree-like for minimum cost and a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-02-09 Paul Schultz , Jobst Heitzig , Jürgen Kurths

We study preferential attachment models where vertices enter the network with i.i.d. random numbers of edges that we call the out-degree. We identify the local limit of such models, substantially extending the work of Berger et al.(2014).…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-03 Alessandro Garavaglia , Rajat Subhra Hazra , Remco van der Hofstad , Rounak Ray

We discuss several limiting degree distributions for a class of random threshold graphs in the many node regime. This analysis is carried out under a weak assumption on the distribution of the underlying fitness variable. This assumption,…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-08-21 Armand M. Makowski , Siddharth Pal

Real-world networks are rarely static. Recently, there has been increasing interest in both network growth and network densification, in which the number of edges scales superlinearly with the number of nodes. Less studied but equally…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Haochen Pi , Keith Burghardt , Allon G. Percus , Kristina Lerman

In this paper, we analyze assortativity of preferential attachment models. We deal with a wide class of preferential attachment models (PA-class). It was previously shown that the degree distribution in all models of the PA-class follows a…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-07-07 Alexander Krot , Liudmila Ostroumova Prokhorenkova

We give an explicit construction of the weak local limit of a class of preferential attachment graphs. This limit contains all local information and allows several computations that are otherwise hard, for example, joint degree…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-01-14 Noam Berger , Christian Borgs , Jennifer T. Chayes , Amin Saberi

Prediction and control of network dynamics are grand-challenge problems in network science. The lack of understanding of fundamental laws driving the dynamics of networks is among the reasons why many practical problems of great…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-02-02 Konstantin Zuev , Fragkiskos Papadopoulos , Dmitri Krioukov

We propose a new preferential attachment-based network growth model in order to explain two properties of growing networks: (1) the power-law growth of node degrees and (2) the decay of node relevance. In preferential attachment models, the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-04-10 Jun Sun , Steffen Staab , Fariba Karimi

In a highly influential paper twenty years ago, Barab\'asi and Albert [Science 286, 509 (1999)] showed that networks undergoing generic growth processes with preferential attachment evolve towards scale-free structures. In any finite…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-09-08 Ido Tishby , Ofer Biham , Eytan Katzav

We study structural properties of trees grown by preferential attachment. In this mechanism, nodes are added sequentially and attached to existing nodes at a rate that is strictly proportional to the degree. We classify nodes by their depth…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-04 E. Ben-Naim , P. L. Krapivsky

Leaves, i.e., vertices of degree one, can play a significant role in graph structure, especially in sparsely connected settings in which leaves often constitute the largest fraction of vertices. We consider a leaf-based counterpart of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-11-07 Harrison Hartle , P. L. Krapivsky

We introduce a random graph model based on k-trees, which can be generated by applying a probabilistic preferential attachment rule, but which also has a simple combinatorial description. We carry out a precise distributional analysis of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-03-02 Alois Panholzer , Georg Seitz

We present a limited empirical study of scaling laws for transfer learning in transformer models. More specifically, we examine a scaling law that incorporates a "transfer gap" term, indicating the effectiveness of pre-training on one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Matthew Barnett