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Based on the theory of stochastic chemical kinetics, the inherent randomness and stochasticity of biochemical reaction networks can be accurately described by discrete-state continuous-time Markov chains. The analysis of such processes is,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2014-10-14 Andreychenko Alexander , Mikeev Linar , Wolf Verena

Simulation of stochastic spatially-extended systems is a challenging problem. The fundamental quantities in these models are individual entities such as molecules, cells, or animals, which move and react in a random manner. In big systems,…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-24 Tomás Alarcón , Natalia Briñas-Pascual , Juan Calvo , Pilar Guerrero , Daria Stepanova

Discrete-state, continuous-time Markov models are becoming commonplace in the modelling of biochemical processes. The mathematical formulations that such models lead to are opaque, and, due to their complexity, are often considered…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2017-10-31 Christopher Lester

Reaction-diffusion models are widely used to study spatially-extended chemical reaction systems. In order to understand how the dynamics of a reaction-diffusion model are affected by changes in its input parameters, efficient methods for…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2017-03-08 Christopher Lester , Christian A. Yates , Ruth E. Baker

Biochemical reaction networks frequently consist of species evolving on multiple timescales. Stochastic simulations of such networks are often computationally challenging and therefore various methods have been developed to obtain sensible…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2017-04-20 Jae Kyoung Kim , Grzegorz A. Rempala , Hye-Won Kang

The model of chemical reaction networks is among the oldest and most widely studied and used in natural science. The model describes reactions among abstract chemical species, for instance $A + B \to C$, which indicates that if a molecule…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Joshua Petrack , David Doty

The chemical master equation (CME) is frequently used in systems biology to quantify the effects of stochastic fluctuations that arise due to biomolecular species with low copy numbers. The CME is a system of ordinary differential equations…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2017-10-25 Ankit Gupta , Jan Mikelson , Mustafa Khammash

Stochastic simulation is a widely used method for estimating quantities in models of chemical reaction networks where uncertainty plays a crucial role. However, reducing the statistical uncertainty of the corresponding estimators requires…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2019-06-13 Michael Backenköhler , Luca Bortolussi , Verena Wolf

Cellular reactions have multi-scale nature in the sense that the abundance of molecular species and the magnitude of reaction rates can vary in a wide range. This diversity leads to hybrid models that combine deterministic and stochastic…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-09-06 Derya Altıntan , Heinz Koeppl

Models invoking the chemical master equation are used in many areas of science, and, hence, their simulation is of interest to many researchers. The complexity of the problems at hand often requires considerable computational power, so a…

Biological Physics · Physics 2016-03-02 Fabian Spill , Philip K. Maini , Helen Byrne

The Finite State Projection (FSP) method approximates the Chemical Master Equation (CME) by restricting the dynamics to a finite subset of the (typically infinite) state space, enabling direct numerical solution with computable error…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Aditya Dendukuri , Shivkumar Chandrasekaran , Linda Petzold

There exist several methods for simulating biological and physical systems as represented by chemical reaction networks. Systems with low numbers of particles are frequently modelled as discrete-state Markov jump processes and are typically…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-10-24 Joshua C. Kynaston , Christian A Yates , Anna Hekkink , Chris Guiver

This paper discusses new simulation algorithms for stochastic chemical kinetics that exploit the linearity of the chemical master equation and its matrix exponential exact solution. These algorithms make use of various approximations of the…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2016-09-08 Azam S. Zavar Moosavi , Adrian Sandu

Reaction networks in the bulk and on surfaces are widespread in physical, chemical and biological systems. In macroscopic systems, which include large populations of reactive species, stochastic fluctuations are negligible and the reaction…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-10-12 Baruch Barzel , Ofer Biham , Raz Kupferman

The Chemical Master Equation (CME) provides a highly accurate, yet extremely resource-intensive representation of a stochastic chemical reaction network and its kinetics due to the exponential scaling of its possible states with the number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-16 Tilas Kabengele , Yash M. Lokare , J. B. Marston , Brenda M. Rubenstein

Simulation of biomolecular networks is now indispensable for studying biological systems, from small reaction networks to large ensembles of cells. Here we present a novel approach for stochastic simulation of networks embedded in the…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2016-09-28 Margaritis Voliotis , Philipp Thomas , Ramon Grima , Clive G. Bowsher

Stochasticity plays a fundamental role in various biochemical processes, such as cell regulatory networks and enzyme cascades. Isothermal, well-mixed systems can be modelled as Markov processes, typically simulated using the Gillespie…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2016-10-12 Andrew Duncan , Radek Erban , Konstantinos Zygalakis

Stochastic models are often used to help understand the behavior of intracellular biochemical processes. The most common such models are continuous time Markov chains (CTMCs). Parametric sensitivities, which are derivatives of expectations…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2014-11-19 Elizabeth Skubak Wolf , David F. Anderson

A macroscopic mesoscopic, deterministic stochastic coupling strategy is proposed to accelerate the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method for chemical reaction. First, a macroscopic synthetic equation is formulated by integrating…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-05-14 Hong Deng , Liyan Luo , Lei Wu

Stochastic chemical systems with diffusion are modeled with a reaction-diffusion master equation. On a macroscopic level, the governing equation is a reaction-diffusion equation for the averages of the chemical species. On a mesoscopic…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2009-03-06 Stefan Engblom , Lars Ferm , Andreas Hellander , Per Lötstedt