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Automata learning is a technique that has successfully been applied in verification, with the automaton type varying depending on the application domain. Adaptations of automata learning algorithms for increasingly complex types of automata…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-06-27 Gerco van Heerdt , Matteo Sammartino , Alexandra Silva

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a widely employed machine learning architecture that has been applied to a variety of control problems. However, applications in safety-critical domains require a systematic and formal approach to specifying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Hosein Hasanbeig , Daniel Kroening , Alessandro Abate

The identification of a deterministic finite automaton (DFA) from labeled examples is a well-studied problem in the literature; however, prior work focuses on the identification of monolithic DFAs. Although monolithic DFAs provide accurate…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Niklas Lauffer , Beyazit Yalcinkaya , Marcell Vazquez-Chanlatte , Ameesh Shah , Sanjit A. Seshia

This paper studies the control synthesis of motion planning subject to uncertainties. The uncertainties are considered in robot motions and environment properties, giving rise to the probabilistic labeled Markov decision process (PL-MDP). A…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Mingyu Cai , Shaoping Xiao , Zhijun Li , Zhen Kan

We study the problem of determinizing $\omega$-automata whose acceptance condition is defined on the transitions using Boolean formulas, also known as transition-based Emerson-Lei automata (TELA). The standard approach to determinize TELA…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Tobias John , Simon Jantsch , Christel Baier , Sascha Klüppelholz

This paper proposes a new algorithm for the generation of unambiguous B\"uchi automata (UBA) from LTL formulas. Unlike existing tableau-based LTL-to-UBA translations, our algorithm deals with very weak alternating automata (VWAA) as an…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-07-08 Simon Jantsch , David Müller , Christel Baier , Joachim Klein

Deterministic timed automata are strictly less expressive than their non-deterministic counterparts, which are again less expressive than those with silent transitions. As a consequence, timed automata are in general non-determinizable.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-08-17 Florian Lorber , Amnon Rosenmann , Dejan Nickovic , Bernhard Aichernig

A nondeterministic automaton is semantically deterministic (SD) if different nondeterministic choices in the automaton lead to equivalent states. Semantic determinism is interesting as it is a natural relaxation of determinism, and as some…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Bader Abu Radi , Orna Kupferman

Complementation of finite automata is a basic operation used in numerous applications. The standard way to complement a nondeterministic finite automaton (NFA) is to transform it into an equivalent deterministic finite automaton (DFA) and…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Lukáš Holík , Ondřej Lengál , Juraj Major , Adéla Štěpková , Jan Strejček

Nondeterministic good-for-MDPs (GFM) automata are for MDP model checking and reinforcement learning what good-for-games (GFG) automata are for reactive synthesis: a more compact alternative to deterministic automata that displays…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Sven Schewe , Qiyi Tang , Tansholpan Zhanabekova

We introduce improvements in the algorithm by Gastin and Oddoux translating LTL formulae into B\"uchi automata via very weak alternating co-B\"uchi automata and generalized B\"uchi automata. Several improvements are based on specific…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2012-04-02 Tomáš Babiak , Mojmír Křetínský , Vojtěch Řehák , Jan Strejček

This paper proposes a specification-guided framework for control of nonlinear systems with linear temporal logic (LTL) specifications. In contrast with well-known abstraction-based methods, the proposed framework directly characterizes the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-03 Yinan Li , Zhibing Sun , Jun Liu

First-order linear temporal logic (FOLTL) is a flexible and expressive formalism capable of naturally describing complex behaviors and properties. Although the logic is in general highly undecidable, the idea of using it as a specification…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Luca Geatti , Alessandro Gianola , Nicola Gigante

Every language recognized by a non-deterministic finite automaton can be recognized by a deterministic automaton, at the cost of a potential increase of the number of states, which in the worst case can go from $n$ states to $2^n$ states.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Arnaud Carayol , Philippe Duchon , Florent Koechlin , Cyril Nicaud

We exhibit the construction of a deterministic automaton that, given k > 0, recognizes the (regular) language of k-differentiable words. Our approach follows a scheme of Crochemore et al. based on minimal forbidden words. We extend this…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-03-18 Jean-Marc Fédou , Gabriele Fici

In this paper, we look at an unambiguous version of Simon's forest factorization theorem, a very deep result which has wide connections in algebra, logic and automata. Given a morphism $\varphi$ from $\Sigma^+$ to a finite semigroup $S$, we…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-10-18 Paul Gastin , Shankara Narayanan Krishna

In this paper we give automata-based representation of LTL-FO$^+$ properties. LTL-FO$^+$ is an extension of LTL that includes first-order quantification over bounded variable, thus greatly increasing the expressivity of the language. An…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-10-25 Yannick Lebrun , Raphaël Khoury , Sylvain Hallé

History-deterministic automata are those in which nondeterministic choices can be correctly resolved stepwise: there is a strategy to select a continuation of a run given the next input letter so that if the overall input word admits some…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Soumyajit Paul , David Purser , Sven Schewe , Qiyi Tang , Patrick Totzke , Di-De Yen

We prove that a random automaton with $n$ states and any fixed non-singleton alphabet is synchronizing with high probability (modulo an unpublished result about unique highest trees of random graphs). Moreover, we also prove that the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Mikhail V. Berlinkov

Automata learning is a successful tool for many application domains such as robotics and automatic verification. Typically, automata learning techniques operate in a supervised learning setting (active or passive) where they learn a finite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Simon Lutz , Daniil Kaminskyi , Florian Wittbold , Simon Dierl , Falk Howar , Barbara König , Emmanuel Müller , Daniel Neider