Related papers: Modeling European Options
We derive a recursive formula for arithmetic Asian option prices with finite observation times in semimartingale models. The method is based on the relationship between the risk-neutral expectation of the quadratic variation of the return…
The option pricing formula of Black and Scholes (1973) hinges on the continuous-time self-financing condition, which is a special case of the continuous-time budget equation of Merton (1971). The self-financing condition is believed to…
We present a numerical approach for solving the free boundary problem for the Black-Scholes equation for pricing American style of floating strike Asian options. A fixed domain transformation of the free boundary problem into a parabolic…
In this work we propose a option pricing model based on the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. It is a new look at the Black-Scholes formula which is based on the quantum game theory. We show the differences between a classical look which is price…
We study the Heston model for pricing European options on stocks with stochastic volatility. This is a Black\--Scholes\--type equation whose spatial domain for the logarithmic stock price $x\in \RR$ and the variance $v\in (0,\infty)$ is the…
In this article, we study the rate of convergence of prices when a model is approximated by some simplified model. We also provide a method how explicit error formula for more general options can be obtained if such formula is available for…
We reconsider the problem of option pricing using historical probability distributions. We first discuss how the risk-minimisation scheme proposed recently is an adequate starting point under the realistic assumption that price increments…
In this paper we study partial differential equations (PDEs) that can be used to model value adjustments. Different value adjustments denoted generally as xVA are nowadays added to the risk-free financial derivative values and the PDE…
This paper investigates analytic properties of American option prices under the finite moment log-stable (FMLS) model. Under this model the price of American options is characterised by the free boundary problem of a fractional partial…
The purpose of this paper is to analyze and compute the early exercise boundary for a class of nonlinear Black--Scholes equations with a nonlinear volatility which can be a function of the second derivative of the option price itself. A…
The aim of this paper is to present a simple stochastic model that accounts for the effects of a long-memory in volatility on option pricing. The starting point is the stochastic Black-Scholes equation involving volatility with long-range…
We show that our generalization of the Black-Scholes partial differential equation (pde) for nontrivial diffusion coefficients is equivalent to a Martingale in the risk neutral discounted stock price. Previously, this was proven for the…
In the paper we consider the problem of valuation of American options written on dividend-paying assets whose price dynamics follow the classical multidimensional Black and Scholes model. We provide a general early exercise premium…
We study a method of reducing space dimension in multi-dimensional Black-Scholes partial differential equations as well as in multi-dimensional parabolic equations. We prove that a multiplicative transformation of space variables in the…
The time-fractional Black-Scholes equation (TFBSE) is intended to price the options for which the underlying price fluctuates within a correlated fractal transmission system. Although the TFBSE is an influential approach for grasping the…
his paper presents finite element methods for solving numerically the Risk-Adjusted Pricing Methodology (RAPM) Black-Scholes model for option pricing with transaction costs. Spatial finite element models based on P1 and/or P2 elements are…
To cope with the negative oil futures price caused by the COVID-19 recession, global commodity futures exchanges temporarily switched the option model from Black--Scholes to Bachelier in 2020. This study reviews the literature on…
Given a finite set of European call option prices on a single underlying, we want to know when there is a market model which is consistent with these prices. In contrast to previous studies, we allow models where the underlying trades at a…
Under a generalized skew normal distribution we consider the problem of European option pricing. Existence of the martingale measure is proved. An explicit expression for a given European option price is presented in terms of the cumulative…
An option market maker incurs funding costs when carrying and hedging inventory. To hedge a net long delta inventory, for example, she pays a fee to borrow stock from the securities lending market. Because of haircuts, she posts additional…