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A 1964 paper by John Bell gave the first demonstration that quantum mechanics is incompatible with local hidden variables. There is an ongoing and vigorous debate on whether he relied on an assumption of determinism, or instead, as he later…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-26 Michael J. W. Hall

The title refers to the Free Will Theorem by Conway and Kochen whose flashy formulation is: if experimenters possess free will, then so do particles. In more modest terms, the theorem says that individual pairs of spacelike separated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-14 Ehtibar N. Dzhafarov , Janne V. Kujala

This article contains a review of Nelson's analysis of Bell's theorem. It shows that Bell's inequalities can be violated with a theory of local random variables if one accepts that the outcomes of these variables are not predetermined prior…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-30 Benjamin Schulz

Conway and Kochen have presented a "free will theorem" (Notices of the AMS 56, pgs. 226-232 (2009)) which they claim shows that "if indeed we humans have free will, then [so do] elementary particles." In a more precise fashion, they claim…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-12-02 Sheldon Goldstein , Daniel V. Tausk , Roderich Tumulka , Nino Zanghi

Bell gave the now standard definition of a local hidden variable theory and showed that such theories cannot reproduce the predictions of quantum mechanics without violating his ``free will'' criterion: experimenters' measurement choices…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Adrian Kent

Does determinism (or even the incompleteness of quantum mechanics) follow from locality and perfect correlations? In a 1964 paper John Bell gave the first demonstration that quantum mechanics is incompatible with local hidden variables.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-11 Michael J. W. Hall

Construed as an argument against hidden variable theories, Bell's Theorem assumes that hidden variables would be independent of future measurement settings. This Independence Assumption (IA) is rarely questioned. Bell considered relaxing it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Huw Price

In a recent series of papers and lectures, John Conway and Simon Kochen presented The Free Will Theorem. "It asserts, roughly, that if indeed we humans have free will, then elementary particles already have their own small share of this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-15 Stephen Boughn

Relying on some auxiliary assumptions, usually considered mild, Bell's theorem proves that no local theory can reproduce all the predictions of quantum mechanics. In this work, we introduce a fully local, superdeterministic model that, by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-04 G. S. Ciepielewski , E. Okon , D. Sudarsky

Bell's theorem basically states that local hidden variable theory cannot predict the correlations produced by quantum mechanics. It is based on the assumption that Alice and Bob can choose measurements from a measurement set containing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-22 Yang D. Li

Recently Cator & Landsman made a comparison between Bell's Theorem and Conway & Kochen's Strong Free Will Theorem. Their overall conclusion was that the latter is stronger in that it uses fewer assumptions, but also that it has two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-08-29 Ronnie Hermens

We consider an ontology, in which contextual nonlocal hidden variables are stored as pre-existing possibilities in a repository outside space-time; and in which the context can be chosen ``freely'' (measurement independence) by each agent,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-11 Valerio Scarani , Antoine Suarez

By assuming a deterministic evolution of quantum systems and taking realism into account, we carefully build a hidden variable theory for Quantum Mechanics based on the notion of ontological states proposed by 't Hooft. We view these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-04 Natalia Sánchez-Kuntz , Eduardo Nahmad-Achar

Loophole-free violations of Bell inequalities imply that at least one of the assumptions behind local hidden-variable theories must fail. Here, we show that, if only one fails, then it has to fail completely, therefore excluding models that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-20 Carlos Vieira , Ravishankar Ramanathan , Adán Cabello

The aim of this paper is to argue that the (alleged) indeterminism of quantum mechanics, claimed by adherents of the Copenhagen interpretation since Born (1926), can be proved from Chaitin's follow-up to Goedel's (first) incompleteness…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-03-25 Klaas Landsman

The combination of various physically plausible properties, such as no signaling, determinism, and experimental free will, is known to be incompatible with quantum correlations. Hence, these properties must be individually or jointly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-08-04 Michael J. W. Hall

The paper considers the claim that quantum theories with a deterministic dynamics of objects in ordinary space-time, such as Bohmian mechanics, contradict the assumption that the measurement settings can be freely chosen in the EPR…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-24 Michael Esfeld

Experiments motivated by Bell's theorem have led some physicists to conclude that quantum theory is nonlocal. However, the theoretical basis for such claims is usually taken to be Bell's Theorem, which shows only that if certain predictions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Henry P. Stapp

The question of whether quantum phenomena can be explained by classical models with hidden variables is the subject of a long lasting debate. In 1964, Bell showed that certain types of classical models cannot explain the quantum mechanical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-07-21 G. Kirchmair , F. Zähringer , R. Gerritsma , M. Kleinmann , O. Gühne , A. Cabello , R. Blatt , C. F. Roos

In a recent paper, Conway and Kochen proposed what is now known as the "Free Will theorem" which, among other things, should prove the impossibility of combining GRW models with special relativity, i.e., of formulating relativistically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Bassi , G. C. Ghirardi
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