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Integer factorization is a computational problem of fundamental importance in cybersecurity and secure communications, as its difficulty form the basis of modern public-key cryptography. While Shor's algorithm can solve this problem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Felip Pellicer

In quantum information processing (QIP), the quantum Fourier transform (QFT) has a plethora of applications [1] [2] [3]: Shor's algorithm and phase estimation are just a few well-known examples. Shor's quantum factorization algorithm, one…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-03 Shlomo Kashani , Maryam Alqasemi , Jacob Hammond

Quantum annealing is a heuristic algorithm for solving combinatorial optimization problems, and D-Wave Systems Inc. has developed hardware for implementing this algorithm. The current version of the D-Wave quantum annealer can solve…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-09 Shuntaro Okada , Masayuki Ohzeki , Shinichiro Taguchi

We isolate and generalize a technique implicit in many quantum algorithms, including Shor's algorithms for factoring and discrete log. In particular, we show that the distribution sampled after a Fourier transform over ${\mathbb Z}_p$ can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Lisa Hales , Sean Hallgren

Large integer factorization is a prominent research challenge, particularly in the context of quantum computing. This holds significant importance, especially in information security that relies on public key cryptosystems. The classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-24 Imran Khan Tutul , Sara Karimi , Mohammadreza Soltaninia , Junpeng Zhan

Shor's algorithm for the prime factorization of numbers provides an exponential speedup over the best known classical algorithms. However, nontrivial practical applications have remained out of reach due to experimental limitations. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-21 Abu Musa Patoary , Amit Vikram , Victor Galitski

Quantum information theory and quantum computing are theoritical basis of quantum computers. Thanks to entanglement, quantum mechanical systems are provisioned to realize many information processing problems faster than classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-19 Volkan Erol

This paper summarizes a quantum algorithm of [R.D. Somma, et.al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 130504 (2008)] that simulates a classical annealing process for solving discrete optimization problems. The complexity of the quantum algorithm scales…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-16 Sergio Boixo , Rolando D. Somma

The quantum multicomputer consists of a large number of small nodes and a qubus interconnect for creating entangled state between the nodes. The primary metric chosen is the performance of such a system on Shor's algorithm for factoring…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Rodney Doyle Van Meter

Quantum advantage is notoriously hard to find and even harder to prove. For example the class of functions computable with classical physics actually exactly coincides with the class computable quantum-mechanically. It is strongly believed,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-07 Howard Dale , David Jennings , Terry Rudolph

We consider a probabilistic quantum implementation of a variable of the Pocklington-Lehmer $N-1$ primality test using Shor's algorithm. O($\log^3 N \log\log N \log\log\log N$) elementary q-bit operations are required to determine the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 H. F. Chau , H. -K. Lo

Most quantum algorithms that give an exponential speedup over classical algorithms exploit the Fourier transform in some way. In Shor's algorithm, sampling from the quantum Fourier spectrum is used to discover periodicity of the modular…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 Martin Roetteler

We consider quantum computing with pseudo-pure states. This framework arises in certain implementations of quantum computing using NMR. We analyze quantum computational protocols which aim to solve exponential classical problems with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Noah Linden , Sandu Popescu

For any quantum algorithm operating on pure states we prove that the presence of multi-partite entanglement, with a number of parties that increases unboundedly with input size, is necessary if the quantum algorithm is to offer an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Richard Jozsa , Noah Linden

Nuclear magnetic resonance is arguably both the best available quantum technology for implementing simple quantum computing experiments and the worst technology for building large scale quantum computers that has ever been seriously put…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-18 Jonathan A. Jones

We use the periodicity properties of generalized Gauss sums to factor numbers. Moreover, we derive rules for finding the factors and illustrate this factorization scheme for various examples. This algorithm relies solely on interference and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-25 S. Wölk , W. Merkel , W. P. Schleich , I. Sh. Averbukh , B. Girard

The execution cost of quantum algorithms is typically quantified through asymptotic gate counts and qubit register sizes, yet these metrics do not directly capture which genuinely quantum resources, and in what amount, must be created and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-08 Alessio Paviglianiti , Matteo Seclì , Emanuele Tirrito , Vincenzo Savona

Quantum annealing is a method developed to solve combinatorial optimization problems by utilizing quantum bits. Solving such problems corresponds to minimizing a cost function defined over binary variables. However, in many practical cases,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-26 Seiya Endo , Shohei Kawakatsu , Hiromichi Matsuyama , Kohei Suzuki , Yuichiro Matsuzaki

We report an experimental demonstration of a complied version of Shor's algorithm using four photonic qubits. We choose the simplest instance of this algorithm, that is, factorization of N=15 in the case that the period $r=2$ and exploit a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-10-16 Chao-Yang Lu , Daniel E. Browne , Tao Yang , Jian-Wei Pan

We draw attention to various aspects of number theory emerging in the time evolution of elementary quantum systems with quadratic phases. Such model systems can be realized in actual experiments. Our analysis paves the way to a new,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Holger Mack , Marc Bienert , Florian Haug , Matthias Freyberger , Wolfgang P. Schleich