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One of the earliest agent-based economical models, Schelling's spacial proximity model illustrated how global segregation can emerge, often unwanted, from the actions of agents of two races acting in accordance with their individual local…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-06-13 George Barmpalias , Richard Elwes , Andy Lewis-Pye

The Schelling model is a simple agent based model that demonstrates how individuals' relocation decisions generate residential segregation in cities. Agents belong to one of two groups and occupy cells of rectangular space. Agents react to…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-06-25 Erez Hatna , Itzhak Benenson

We investigate the static and dynamic properties of a celebrated model of social segregation, providing a complete explanation of the mechanisms leading to segregation both in one- and two-dimensional systems. Standard statistical physics…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-11-13 Luca Dall'Asta , Claudio Castellano , Matteo Marsili

Schelling's model of segregation is one of the first and most influential models in the field of social simulation. There are many variations of the model which have been proposed and simulated over the last forty years, though the present…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-03-19 Tim Rogers , Alan J. McKane

We derived the critical neighborhood demand in the Schelling's segregation model by studying the conditions for which a chain reaction of migrations of unsatisfied agents occurs. The essence of Schelling dynamics was approximated in two…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2014-02-07 Jae Kyun Shin , Hiroki Sayama

We study the behaviour of a Schelling-class system in which a fraction $f$ of spatially-fixed switching agents is introduced. This new model allows for multiple interpretations, including: (i) random, non-preferential allocation…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-04-02 Aurélien Hazan , Julien Randon-Furling

The Schelling model has become a paradigm in social sciences to explain the emerge of residential spatial segregation even in the presence of high tolerance to mixed neighborhoods by the side of citizens. In particular, we consider a noisy…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-11-28 David Abella , Maxi San Miguel , José J. Ramasco

Schelling's segregation model is a landmark model in sociology. It shows the counter-intuitive phenomenon that residential segregation between individuals of different groups can emerge even when all involved individuals are tolerant.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-10-22 Ankit Chauhan , Pascal Lenzner , Louise Molitor

The phenomenon of residential segregation was captured by Schelling's famous segregation model where two types of agents are placed on a grid and an agent is content with her location if the fraction of her neighbors which have the same…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-07-18 Hagen Echzell , Tobias Friedrich , Pascal Lenzner , Louise Molitor , Marcus Pappik , Friedrich Schöne , Fabian Sommer , David Stangl

We consider Schelling's bounded neighbourhood model (BNM) of unorganised segregation of two populations from the perspective of modern dynamical systems theory. We derive a Schelling dynamical system and carry out a complete quantitative…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2017-09-25 D. J. Haw , S. J. Hogan

The Schelling model is a prototype for agent-based modeling in social systems. We produce a comprehensive analysis of Schelling model rule variants by classifying the space of macroscopic outcomes using phase diagrams. Among 54 rule…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-19 Marlyn Boke , Timothy Sorochkin , Jesse Anttila-Hughes , Alan O. Jamison

Schelling's model of segregation demonstrates that even in the absence of social or governmental interventions, individuals with mild in-group preferences can self-organize into strongly segregated neighborhoods. Many variants of this…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-02-11 Fabio van Dissel , Tuan Minh Pham , Wout Merbis

We investigate the Schelling model of social segregation, formulated as an intrinsically non-equilibrium system, in which the agents occupy districts (or patches) rather than sites on a grid. We show that this allows the equations governing…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-04-25 Tim Rogers , Alan J. McKane

In most major cities and urban areas, residents form homogeneous neighborhoods along ethnic or socioeconomic lines. This phenomenon is widely known as residential segregation and has been studied extensively. Fifty years ago, Schelling…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Davide Bilò , Vittorio Bilò , Michelle Döring , Pascal Lenzner , Louise Molitor , Jonas Schmidt

In the 70's Schelling introduced a multi-agent model to describe the segregation dynamics that may occur with individuals having only weak preferences for 'similar' neighbors. Recently variants of this model have been discussed, in…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-05-18 L. Gauvin , J. -P. Nadal , J. Vannimenus

A simple queueing approach for segregation of agents in modified one dimensional Schelling segregation model is presented. The goal is to arrive at simple formula for the number of unhappy agents remaining after the segregation.

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2007-12-19 Pawel Sobkowicz

The Schelling model of segregation looks to explain the way in which a population of agents or particles of two types may come to organise itself into large homogeneous clusters, and can be seen as a variant of the Ising model in which the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-08-13 George Barmpalias , Richard Elwes , Andy Lewis-Pye

Thomas Schelling proposed an influential simple spatial model to illustrate how, even with relatively mild assumptions on each individual's nearest neighbor preferences, an integrated city would likely unravel to a segregated city, even if…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2007-11-15 Abhinav Singh , Dmitri Vainchtein , Howard Weiss

The collective behavior in a variant of Schelling's segregation model is characterized with methods borrowed from statistical physics, in a context where their relevance was not conspicuous. A measure of segregation based on cluster…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-02-22 Laetitia Gauvin , Jean Vannimenus , Jean-Pierre Nadal

Schelling games model the wide-spread phenomenon of residential segregation in metropolitan areas from a game-theoretic point of view. In these games agents of different types each strategically select a node on a given graph that models…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Tobias Friedrich , Pascal Lenzner , Louise Molitor , Lars Seifert
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