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Finite order invariants (Vassiliev invariants) of knots are expressed in terms of weight systems, that is, functions on chord diagrams satisfying the four-term relations. Weight systems have graph analogues, so-called $4$-invariants of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-06-01 V. I. Zhukov

We prove a compactness theorem for holomorphic curves in 4-dimensional symplectizations that have embedded projections to the underlying 3-manifold. It strengthens the cylindrical case of the SFT compactness theorem by using intersection…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2008-03-07 Chris Wendl

We consider complex invariants associated with compact real three-dimensional hyperbolic spaces. The contribution of the Chern-Simons invariants of irreducible U(n)-flat connections on hyperbolic fibered manifolds to the low order expansion…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-13 A. A. Bytsenko , M. E. X. Guimaraes

We study the potentially undecidable problem of whether a given 2-dimensional CW complex can be embedded into $\mathbb{R}^4$. We provide operations that preserve embeddability, including joining and cloning of 2-cells, as well as…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-26 Agelos Georgakopoulos , Martin Winter

The superconformal index of a three-dimensional supersymmetric field theory can be expressed in terms of basic hypergeometric integrals. By comparing the indices of dual theories, one can find new integral identities for basic…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-04-06 Ilmar Gahramanov , Hjalmar Rosengren

A rough structure theorem is proved for graphs $G$ containing no copy of a bounded degree tree $T$: from any such $G$, one can delete $o(|G||T|)$ edges in order to get a subgraph all of whose connected components have a cover of order…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-24 Alexey Pokrovskiy

We say that a graph is intrinsically knotted or completely 3-linked if every embedding of the graph into the 3-sphere contains a nontrivial knot or a 3-component link any of whose 2-component sublink is nonsplittable. We show that a graph…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2020-05-19 Ryo Hanaki , Ryo Nikkuni , Kouki Taniyama , Akiko Yamazaki

A well known theorem in graph theory states that every graph $G$ on $n$ vertices and minimum degree at least $d$ contains a path of length at least $d$, and if $G$ is connected and $n\ge 2d+1$ then $G$ contains a path of length at least…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-03-12 Yue Ma , Xinmin Hou , Jun Gao

We extend the edge version of the classical Menger's Theorem for undirected graphs to $n$-dimensional simplicial complexes with chains over the field $\mathbb{F}_2$. The classical Menger's Theorem states that two different vertices in an…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2021-11-19 Avraham Goldstein , Yonah Cherniavsky

Universality theorems (in the sense of N. Mn\"{e}v) claim that the realization space of a combinatorial object (a point configuration, a hyperplane arrangement, a convex polytope, etc.) can be arbitrarily complicated. In the paper, we prove…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-10-30 Gaiane Panina

In SoCG 2022, Conroy and T\'oth presented several constructions of sparse, low-hop spanners in geometric intersection graphs, including an $O(n\log n)$-size 3-hop spanner for $n$ disks (or fat convex objects) in the plane, and an $O(n\log^2…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Timothy M. Chan , Zhengcheng Huang

The unit distance graph $G_{\mathbb{R}^d}^1$ is the infinite graph whose nodes are points in $\mathbb{R}^d$, with an edge between two points if the Euclidean distance between these points is 1. The 2-dimensional version $G_{\mathbb{R}^2}^1$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-02-14 Remie Janssen , Leonie van Steijn

Coarse graph theory concerns finding 'coarse' analogues of graph theory theorems, replacing disjointness with being far apart. One of the most interesting open questions is to find a coarse analogue of Menger's theorem, which characterizes…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-21 Tung Nguyen , Alex Scott , Paul Seymour

One of the themes in algebraic geometry is the study of the relation between the ``topology'' of a smooth projective variety and a (``general'') hyperplane section. Recent results of Nori produce cohomological evidence for a conjecture that…

alg-geom · Mathematics 2008-02-03 Kapil H. Paranjape

Given a graph $G$, we define ${\bf bcg}(G)$ as the minimum $k$ for which $G$ can be contracted to the uniformly triangulated grid $\Gamma_{k}$. A graph class ${\cal G}$ has the SQG${\bf C}$ property if every graph $G\in{\cal G}$ has…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-21 Julien Baste , Dimitrios M. Thilikos

We prove that deciding if a diagram of the unknot can be untangled using at most $k$ Riedemeister moves (where $k$ is part of the input) is NP-hard. We also prove that several natural questions regarding links in the $3$-sphere are NP-hard,…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2018-10-09 Arnaud de Mesmay , Yo'av Rieck , Eric Sedgwick , Martin Tancer

The fourth listed author and Hans Parshall (\cite{IosevichParshall}) proved that if $E \subset {\mathbb F}_q^d$, $d \ge 2$, and $G$ is a connected graph on $k+1$ vertices such that the largest degree of any vertex is $m$, then if $|E| \ge C…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-21 Paige Bright , Xinyu Fang , Barrett Heritage , Alex Iosevich , Maxwell Sun

Performing statistical analyses on collections of graphs is of import to many disciplines, but principled, scalable methods for multi-sample graph inference are few. Here we describe an "omnibus" embedding in which multiple graphs on the…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-06-27 Keith Levin , Avanti Athreya , Minh Tang , Vince Lyzinski , Youngser Park , Carey E. Priebe

An assumption that researchers have often used to model interference in a wireless network is the unit disk graph model. While many theoretical results and performance guarantees have been obtained under this model, an open research…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Ashwin Ganesan

We give a new, elementary proof of what we believe is the simplest known example of a ``natural'' problem in computational 3-dimensional topology that is $\mathsf{NP}$-hard -- namely, the \emph{Trivial Sublink Problem}: given a diagram $L$…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Shannon Cheng , Anna Chlopecki , Saarah Nazar , Eric Samperton