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Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has proven effective in enhancing the reasoning of large language models (LLMs). Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS)-based extensions improve upon vanilla RLVR (e.g., GRPO) by providing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Ziqi Zhao , Zhaochun Ren , Jiahong Zou , Liu Yang , Zhiwei Xu , Xuri Ge , Zhumin Chen , Xinyu Ma , Daiting Shi , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Xin Xin

Despite recent successes in Reinforcement Learning, value-based methods often suffer from high variance hindering performance. In this paper, we illustrate this in a continuous control setting where state of the art methods perform poorly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-24 Pierre Thodoroff , Nishanth Anand , Lucas Caccia , Doina Precup , Joelle Pineau

Large scale optimisation of quantum circuits is a computationally challenging problem. Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a recent approach for learning strategies to optimise quantum circuits by increasing the reward of an optimisation agent.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-22 Ioana Moflic , Alexandru Paler

Reinforcement learning (RL) has successfully automated the complex process of mining formulaic alpha factors, for creating interpretable and profitable investment strategies. However, existing methods are hampered by the sparse rewards…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Junjie Zhao , Chengxi Zhang , Chenkai Wang , Peng Yang

While reinforcement learning has shown experimental success in a number of applications, it is known to be sensitive to noise and perturbations in the parameters of the system, leading to high variance in the total reward amongst different…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-02 Erfaun Noorani , Christos Mavridis , John Baras

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) reliably improves the reasoning performance of large language models, yet it appears to modify only a small fraction of parameters. We revisit this paradox and show that sparsity is a…

In this work we present a novel optimization strategy for image reconstruction tasks under analysis-based image regularization, which promotes sparse and/or low-rank solutions in some learned transform domain. We parameterize such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Iaroslav Koshelev , Stamatios Lefkimmiatis

Since the release of Deepseek-R1, reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has become a central approach for training large language models (LLMs) on reasoning tasks. Recent work has largely focused on modifying loss functions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Weizhe Chen , Sven Koenig , Bistra Dilkina

Policy evaluation or value function or Q-function approximation is a key procedure in reinforcement learning (RL). It is a necessary component of policy iteration and can be used for variance reduction in policy gradient methods. Therefore…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-10-17 Xinyan Yan , Krzysztof Choromanski , Byron Boots , Vikas Sindhwani

We consider a team of reinforcement learning agents that concurrently operate in a common environment, and we develop an approach to efficient coordinated exploration that is suitable for problems of practical scale. Our approach builds on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-18 Maria Dimakopoulou , Ian Osband , Benjamin Van Roy

Low-rank matrix completion has achieved great success in many real-world data applications. A matrix factorization model that learns latent features is usually employed and, to improve prediction performance, the similarities between latent…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-01-28 Kaiyi Ji , Jian Tan , Jinfeng Xu , Yuejie Chi

The exploration-exploitation dilemma in reinforcement learning (RL) is a fundamental challenge to efficient RL algorithms. Existing algorithms for finite state and action discounted RL problems address this by assuming sufficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Caleb Ju , Guanghui Lan

Policy evaluation is a key process in Reinforcement Learning (RL). It assesses a given policy by estimating the corresponding value function. When using parameterized value functions, common approaches minimize the sum of squared Bellman…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Shirli Di-Castro Shashua , Shie Mannor

How can a reinforcement learning (RL) agent prepare to solve downstream tasks if those tasks are not known a priori? One approach is unsupervised skill discovery, a class of algorithms that learn a set of policies without access to a reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Benjamin Eysenbach , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Sergey Levine

We present new algorithms for inverse reinforcement learning (IRL, or inverse optimal control) in convex optimization settings. We argue that finite-space IRL can be posed as a convex quadratic program under a Bayesian inference framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-01-22 Qifeng Qiao , Peter A. Beling

Reinforcement learning (RL) has increasingly become a pivotal technique in the post-training of large language models (LLMs). The effective exploration of the output space is essential for the success of RL. We observe that for complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Shihan Dou , Muling Wu , Jingwen Xu , Rui Zheng , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

In standard reinforcement learning (RL), a learning agent seeks to optimize the overall reward. However, many key aspects of a desired behavior are more naturally expressed as constraints. For instance, the designer may want to limit the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Sobhan Miryoosefi , Kianté Brantley , Hal Daumé , Miroslav Dudik , Robert Schapire

Reinforcement learning algorithms are usually stated without theoretical guarantees regarding their performance. Recently, Jin, Yang, Wang, and Jordan (COLT 2020) showed a polynomial-time reinforcement learning algorithm (namely, LSVI-UCB)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Philips George John , Arnab Bhattacharyya , Silviu Maniu , Dimitrios Myrisiotis , Zhenan Wu

We seek to understand what facilitates sample-efficient learning from historical datasets for sequential decision-making, a problem that is popularly known as offline reinforcement learning (RL). Further, we are interested in algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Thanh Nguyen-Tang , Raman Arora

Robust reinforcement learning (RL) under the average-reward criterion is essential for long-term decision-making, particularly when the environment may differ from its specification. However, a significant gap exists in understanding the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Zachary Roch , Chi Zhang , George Atia , Yue Wang