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For uniformly chosen random $\alpha \in [0,1]$, it is known the probability the $n^{\rm th}$ digit of the continued-fraction expansion, $[\alpha]_n$ converges to the Gauss-Kuzmin distribution $\mathbb{P}([\alpha]_n = k) \approx \log_2 (1 +…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2008-02-21 John Mangual

By a classical result of Gauss and Kuzmin, the continued fraction expansion of a ``random'' real number contains each digit $a\in\mathbb{N}$ with asymptotic frequency $\log_2(1+1/(a(a+2)))$. We generalize this result in two directions:…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-06 Alex Jin , Shreyas Singh , Zhuo Zhang , AJ Hildebrand

Khinchin proved that the arithmetic mean of continued fraction digits of Lebesgue almost every irrational number in $(0,1)$ diverges to infinity. Hence, none of the classical limit theorems such as the weak and strong laws of large numbers…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2018-03-29 Hiroki Takahasi

We show that the growth rate of denominator $Q_n$ of the $n$-th convergent of negative expansion of $x$ and the rate of approximation: $$ \frac{\log{n}}{n}\log{\left|x-\frac{P_n}{Q_n}\right|}\rightarrow -\frac{\pi^2}{3} \quad \text{in…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2020-05-12 Hiroaki Ito

The coefficients of the regular continued fraction for random numbers are distributed by the Gauss-Kuzmin distribution according to Khinchin's law. Their geometric mean converges to Khinchin's constant and their rational approximation speed…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-08-31 Philipp Sibbertsen , Timm Lampert , Karsten Müller , Michael Taktikos

In this paper we consider continued fraction (CF) expansions on intervals different from $[0,1]$. For every $x$ in such interval we find a CF expansion with a finite number of possible digits. Using the natural extension, the density of the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2016-06-17 Cor Kraaikamp , Niels Langeveld

We prove that the statistics of the period of the continued fraction expansion of certain sequences of quadratic irrationals from a fixed quadratic field approach the `normal' statistics given by the Gauss-Kuzmin measure. As a by-product,…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2013-02-22 Menny Aka , Uri Shapira

We extend a result of Han\v{c}l, Kolouch and Nair on the irrationality and transcendence of continued fractions. We show that for a sequence $\{\alpha_n\}$ of algebraic integers of bounded degree, each attaining the maximum absolute value…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-02-13 Simon Bruno Andersen , Simon Kristensen

A landmark theorem in the metric theory of continued fractions begins this way: Select a non-negative real function $f$ defined on the positive integers and a real number $x$, and form the partial sums $s_n$ of $f$ evaluated at the partial…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2009-07-02 Alan K. Haynes

We give a construction of a real number that is normal to all integer bases and continued fraction normal. The computation of the first n digits of its continued fraction expansion performs in the order of n^4 mathematical operations. The…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-04-13 Verónica Becher , Sergio A. Yuhjtman

Let $\beta > 1$ be a real number and $x \in [0,1)$ be an irrational number. We denote by $k_n(x)$ the exact number of partial quotients in the continued fraction expansion of $x$ given by the first $n$ digits in the $\beta$-expansion of $x$…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-03-04 Lulu Fang , Min Wu , Bing Li

We extend the results of our previous computer experiment performed on the first 2600 nontrivial zeros $\gamma_l$ of the Riemann zeta function calculated with 1000 digits accuracy to the set of 40000 first zeros given with 40000 decimal…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-08-06 Marek Wolf

We establish a central limit theorem for counting large continued fraction digits $(a_n)$, i.e. we count occurrences $\{a_n>b_n\}$, where $(b_n)$ is a sequence of positive integers. Our result improves a similar result by Philipp which…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-12-02 Marc Kesseböhmer , Tanja Schindler

For $n$ positive numbers ($a_k$, $1\leq k \leq n$), enhanced inequalities about the arithmetic mean ($A_n \equiv \frac{\sum_ka_k}{n}$) and the geometric mean ($G_n\equiv \sqrt[n]{\Pi_ka_k}$) are found if some numbers are known, namely,…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2020-08-11 Fang Dai , Li-Gang Xia

By a classical result of Gauss and Kuzmin, the frequency with which a string $\mathbf{a}=(a_1,\dots,a_n)$ of positive integers appears in the continued fraction expansion of a random real number is given by $\mu_{GK}({I(\mathbf{a})})$,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-06 Shreyas Singh , Zhuo Zhang , AJ Hildebrand

Zaremba's conjecture concerns a formation of continued fraction expansions for rational numbers with partial quotient bounded by an absolute constant. We present asymptotic estimates for the size of $\epsilon$-thickening of certain fractal…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-24 Jungwon Lee

Recently a new class of continued fraction algorithms, the $(N,\alpha$)-expansions, was introduced for each $N\in\mathbb{N}$, $N\geq 2$ and $\alpha \in (0,\sqrt{N}-1]$. Each of these continued fraction algorithms has only finitely many…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-10-26 Cor Kraaikamp , Niels Langeveld

We have used the first 2600 nontrivial zeros gamma_l of the Riemann zeta function calculated with 1000 digits accuracy and developed them into the continued fractions. We calculated the geometrical means of the denominators of these…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-03-24 Marek Wolf

We have calculated on the computer the sum $\bar{\BB}_M$ of reciprocals of all 47 known Mersenne primes with the accuracy of over 12000000 decimal digits. Next we developed $\bar{\BB}_M$ into the continued fraction and calculated…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-03-21 Marek Wolf

We provide several results on the diophantine properties of continued fractions on the Heisenberg group, many of which are analogous to classical results for real continued fractions. In particular, we show an analog of Khinchin's theorem…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-09-08 Joseph Vandehey
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