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We describe an encrypted communication principle that can form a perfectly secure link between two parties without electronically saving either of their keys. Instead, cryptographic key bits are kept safe within the unique mesoscopic…

The position of a device or agent is an important security credential in today's society, both online and in the real world. Unless in direct proximity, however, the secure verification of a position is impossible without further…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-24 Andreas Bluhm , Matthias Christandl , Florian Speelman

We initiate the study of two-party cryptographic primitives with unconditional security, assuming that the adversary's quantum memory is of bounded size. We show that oblivious transfer and bit commitment can be implemented in this model…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ivan Damgaard , Serge Fehr , Louis Salvail , Christian Schaffner

We characterize the complete set of protocols that may be used to securely encrypt n quantum bits using secret and random classical bits. In addition to the application of such quantum encryption protocols to quantum data security, our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 P. Oscar Boykin , Vwani Roychowdhury

One-shot signatures (OSS) were defined by Amos, Georgiou, Kiayias, and Zhandry (STOC'20). These allow for signing exactly one message, after which the signing key self-destructs, preventing a second message from ever being signed. While…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Omri Shmueli , Mark Zhandry

Quantum hashing is a promising generalization of the cryptographic hashing concept on the quantum domain. In this paper, we construct a quantum hash via a sequence of single-photon states and perform a proof-of-principle experiment using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-24 D. A. Turaykhanov , D. O. Akat'ev , A. V. Vasiliev , F. M. Ablayev , A. A. Kalachev

One-time programs, computer programs which self-destruct after being run only once, are a powerful building block in cryptography and would allow for new forms of secure software distribution. However, ideal one-time programs have been…

In the classical RAM, we have the following useful property. If we have an algorithm that uses $M$ memory cells throughout its execution, and in addition is sparse, in the sense that, at any point in time, only $m$ out of $M$ cells will be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-22 Harry Buhrman , Bruno Loff , Subhasree Patro , Florian Speelman

We consider the problem of secure identification: user U proves to server S that he knows an agreed (possibly low-entropy) password w, while giving away as little information on w as possible, namely the adversary can exclude at most one…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-08-05 Ivan Damgaard , Serge Fehr , Louis Salvail , Christian Schaffner

Quantum machine learning aims to improve learning methods through the use of quantum computers. If it is to ever realize its potential, many obstacles need to be overcome. A particularly pressing one arises at the prediction stage because…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-17 Erik Recio-Armengol , Jens Eisert , Johannes Jakob Meyer

A one-time program (OTP) works as follows: Alice provides Bob with the implementation of some function. Bob can have the function evaluated exclusively on a single input of his choosing. Once executed, the program will fail to evaluate on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Lianying Zhao , Joseph I. Choi , Didem Demirag , Kevin R. B. Butler , Mohammad Mannan , Erman Ayday , Jeremy Clark

Shannon's perfect-secrecy theorem states that a perfect encryption system that yields zero information to the adversary must be a one-time pad (OTP) with the keys randomly generated and never reused. In this work we design the first…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-23 Zixuan Hu , Zhenyu Li

A fully homomorphic encryption system hides data from unauthorized parties, while still allowing them to perform computations on the encrypted data. Aside from the straightforward benefit of allowing users to delegate computations to a more…

In modern cryptography, block encryption is a fundamental cryptographic primitive. However, it is impossible for block encryption to achieve the same security as one-time pad. Quantum mechanics has changed the modern cryptography, and lots…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-12-17 Min Liang , Li Yang

Quantum information is a valuable resource which can be encrypted in order to protect it. We consider the size of the one-time pad that is needed to protect quantum information in a number of cases. The situation is dramatically different…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Jonathan Oppenheim , Michal Horodecki

Single-shot error correction corrects data noise using only a single round of noisy measurements on the data qubits, removing the need for intensive measurement repetition. We introduce a general concept of confinement for quantum codes,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-23 Armanda O. Quintavalle , Michael Vasmer , Joschka Roffe , Earl T. Campbell

The long-lived, efficient storage and retrieval of a qubit encoded on a photon is an important ingredient for future quantum networks. Although systems with intrinsically long coherence times have been demonstrated, the combination with an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-13 M. Körber , O. Morin , S. Langenfeld , A. Neuzner , S. Ritter , G. Rempe

We show that concrete hardness assumptions about learning or cloning the output state of a random quantum circuit can be used as the foundation for secure quantum cryptography. In particular, under these assumptions we construct secure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-23 Bill Fefferman , Soumik Ghosh , Makrand Sinha , Henry Yuen

To store quantum information, quantum memory plays a central intermediate ingredient in a network. The minimal criterion for a reliable quantum memory is the maintenance of the entangled state, which can be described by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-13 Wan-Guan Chang , Chia-Yi Ju , Guang-Yin Chen , Yueh-Nan Chen , Huan-Yu Ku

MiniQCrypt is a world where quantum-secure one-way functions exist, and quantum communication is possible. We construct an oblivious transfer (OT) protocol in MiniQCrypt that achieves simulation-security in the plain model against malicious…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-01 Alex B. Grilo , Huijia Lin , Fang Song , Vinod Vaikuntanathan