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When x-rays penetrate soft matter, their phase changes more rapidly than their amplitude. In- terference effects visible with high brightness sources creates higher contrast, edge enhanced images. When the object is piecewise smooth (made…
A recently identified class of receivers which demultiplex an optical field into a set of orthogonal spatial modes prior to detection can surpass canonical diffraction limits on spatial resolution for simple incoherent imaging tasks.…
Polarization aberrations originating from the telescope and high-contrast imaging instrument optics introduce polarization-dependent speckles and associated errors in the image plane, affecting the measured exoplanet signal. Understanding…
We reconsider the pixel-based, "template" polarized foreground removal method within the context of a next-generation, low-noise, low-resolution (0.5 degree FWHM) space-borne experiment measuring the cosmological B-mode polarization signal…
A new method for extracting the phase of oscillations from noisy time series is proposed. To obtain the phase, the signal is filtered in such a way that the filter output has minimal relative variation in the amplitude (MIRVA) over all…
The statistics of the field structure in the vortex core surrounding phase singularities in random wave fields are measured and calculated for diffusive and localized waves. Excellent agreement is found between experiment and theory. The…
This article deals with the problem of vessel edge and centerline detection using classical image processing techniques due to their simpleness and easiness to be implemented. The method is divided into four steps: the vessel enhancement…
Twenty-one centimeter tomography is emerging as a powerful tool to explore the end of the cosmic dark ages and the reionization epoch, but it will only be as good as our ability to accurately model and remove astrophysical foreground…
Topological photonics sheds light on some of the surprising phenomena seen in condensed matter physics that arise with the appearance of topological invariants. Optical waveguides provide a well-controlled platform to investigate effects…
We consider the inverse problem of determining the geometry of penetrable objects from scattering data generated by one incident wave at a fixed frequency. We first study an orthogonality sampling type method which is fast, simple to…
We present an edge preserving and denoising filter for enhancing the features in images, which contain an ROI having a narrow spatial extent. Typical examples include angiograms, or ROI spatially distributed in multiple locations and…
Light microscopy as well as image acquisition and processing suffer from physical and technical prejudices which preclude a correct interpretation of biological observations which can be reflected in, e.g., medical and pharmacological…
The circular polarisation of gravitational waves from core collapse supernovae has been proposed as a probe to investigate the rotation and physical features inside the core of the supernovae. However, it is still unclear as to how…
A basic challenge in experimental physics is the extraction of information related to variables that are not directly measured. The challenge is particularly severe in quantum systems where one may be interested in correlations of operators…
Ptychography is a promising phase retrieval technique for visible light, X-ray and electron beams. Conventional ptychography reconstructs the amplitude and phase of an object light from a set of the diffraction intensity patterns obtained…
X-ray microtomography is a versatile tool allowing the measurement of the 3D structure of optically thick samples. As a non-destructive technique, it is readily adapted to 4D imaging, where a sample can be monitored over time, and…
The center vortex model of quantum chromodynamic states that vortices, closed color-magnetic flux, percolate the vacuum. Vortices are seen as the relevant excitations of the vacuum, causing confinement and dynamical chiral symmetry…
Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has been extensively used for imaging complex materials down to atomic resolution. The most commonly employed STEM modality, annular dark-field imaging, produces easily-interpretable…
21 cm tomography is emerging as a promising probe of the cosmological dark ages and the epoch of reionization, as well as a tool for observational cosmology in general. However, serious sources of foreground contamination must be subtracted…
The detection of polarized sources in the WMAP 5-year data is a very difficult task. The maps are dominated by instrumental noise and only a handful of sources show up as clear peaks in the Q and U maps. Optimal linear filters applied at…