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We consider topological indices I that are sums of f(deg(u)) f(deg(v)), where {u,v} are adjacent vertices and f is a function. The Randi{\'c} connectivity index or the Zagreb group index are examples for indices of this kind. In earlier…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Boris Hollas

The concepts of geometric-arithmetic and harmonic indices were introduced in the area of chemical graph theory recently. They have proven to correlate well with physical and chemical properties of some molecules. The aim of this paper is to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-04-08 Walter Carballosa , Ana Granados , Domingo Pestana , Ana Portilla , Jose María Sigarreta

The first Zagreb index of a graph $G$ is the sum of squares of the vertex degrees in a graph and the second Zagreb index of $G$ is the sum of products of degrees of adjacent vertices in $G$. The imbalance of an edge in $G$ is the numerical…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2020-02-25 Sudev Naduvath , Johan Kok

In this paper we give new bounds for a several vertex-based and edge-based topological indices of graphs: Albertson irregularity index, degree variance index, Mostar and the first Zagreb index. Moreover, we give a new upper bound for the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-10-25 Arber Avdullahu , Slobodan Filipovski

There are various topological indices such as degree based topological indices, distance based topological indices and counting related topological indices etc. These topological indices correlate certain physicochemical properties such as…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-05-09 Shaohui Wang , Jia-Bao Liu , Chunxiang Wang , Sakander Hayat

Topological indices are numerical invariants derived from molecular graphs and play an important role in characterizing chemical compounds and predicting their properties. Among the earliest descriptors are the classical Zagreb indices…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 Kinkar Chandra Das , Jayanta Bera

In this paper, we examine a specific type of random chains and propose an unified approach to studying the degree-based topological indices, including their extreme values. We derive explicit analytical expressions for the expected values…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-11-08 Sayle Sigarreta , Hugo Cruz-Suarez , Sergio Torralbas Fitz

Let $\mathbb{G} = (\mathcal{V}, \mathcal{E})$ be a simple connected graph, where $\mathcal{V}$ and $\mathcal{E}$ denote the vertex and edge sets, respectively. The first Zagreb index is defined as $\mathcal{M}_{1}(\mathbb{G}) = \sum_{v \in…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-08-08 Waqar Ali , Mohamad Nazri Bin Husin , Muhammad Faisal Nadeem , Muqaddas Jabin

Very recently, the first geometric-arithmetic index $GA$ and arithmetic-geometric index $AG$ were introduced in mathematical chemistry. In the present paper, we first obtain some lower and upper bounds on $AG$ and characterize the extremal…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-10-09 Shu-Yu Cui , Weifan Wang , Gui-Xian Tian , Baoyindureng Wu

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a simple connected graph and $d_i$ be the degree of its $i$th vertex. In a recent paper [J. Math. Chem. 46 (2009) 1369-1376] the first geometric-arithmetic index of a graph $G$ was defined as $$GA_1=\sum_{ij\in E}\frac{2…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-11-15 J. M. Rodriguez , J. A. Rodriguez-Velazquez , J. M. Sigarreta

A topological index is a real number which is derived from a network or a graph by mathematically that characterizes the whole of its structural properties. Recently, there are various topological indices that have been introduced in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-04-23 Prosanta Sarkar , Nilanjan De , Anita Pal

Let $G = (V, E)$ be a graph. The first Zagreb index and the forgotten topological index of a graph $G$ are defined respectively as $\sum_{u \in V} d^2(u)$ and $\sum_{u \in V} d^3(u)$, where $d(u)$ is the degree of vertex $u$ in $G$. If the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-23 Rao Li

There are various topological indices for example distance based topological indices and degree based topological indices etc. In QSAR/QSPR study, physiochemical properties and topological indices for example atom bond connectivity index,…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-04-26 Raghisa Khalid , Nazeran Idrees

Topological indices play an important role in mathematical chemistry especially in the quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR). Recent research indicates that the augmented…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-07-26 Akbar Ali , Zahid Raza , Akhlaq Ahmad Bhatti

The aim of this paper is to obtain new sharp inequalities for a large family of topological indices, including the first variable Zagreb index $M_1^\alpha$, and to characterize the set of extremal graphs with respect to them. Our main…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-06-07 Alvaro Martínez-Pérez , José M. Rodríguez

In this paper, we investigate The relationship between the Albertson index and the first Zagreb index for trees. For a tree $T=(V,E)$ with $n=|V|$ vertices and $m=|E|$ edges, we provide several bounds and exact formulas for these two…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-03 Jasem Hamoud , Alexei Belov-Kanel , Duaa Abdullah

Making use of a majorization technique for a suitable class of graphs, we derive upper and lower bounds for some topological indices depending on the degree sequence over all vertices, namely the first general Zagreb index and the first…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-27 Monica Bianchi , Alessandra Cornaro , José Luis Palacios , Anna Torriero

Consider a graph $G$ and a real-valued function $f$ defined on the degree set of $G$. The sum of the outputs $f(d_v)$ over all vertices $v\in V(G)$ of $G$ is usually known as the vertex-degree-function indices and is denoted by $H_f(G)$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-04-11 Abeer M. Albalahi , Igor Z. Milovanovic , Zahid Raza , Akbar Ali , Amjad E. Hamza

Let $G$ be a connected graph with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges. The vertex-degree-based topological index (VDB) (or graphical function-index) $TI(G)$ of $G$ with edge-weight function $I(x,y)$ is defined as $$TI(G)=\sum\limits_{uv\in…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2023-04-25 Hechao Liu , Zenan Du , Yufei Huang , Hanlin Chen , Suresh Elumalai

Recently, a couple of degree-based topological indices, defined using a geometrical point of view of a graph edge, have attracted significant attention and being extensively investigated. Furtula and Oz [Complementary Topological Indices,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-04 Hui Gao
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