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Methanol, the simplest complex organic molecule found in space, is considered a key compound necessary for the formation of chemical species of prebiotic interest. Methanol detections in protoplanetary disks remain scarce, even though it is…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-29 Alessandro Soave , Margot Leemker , Stefano Facchini , Luke Maud , Kazi Lucie Jessica Rygl , Leonardo Testi

We report on the presence of 6.7-GHz methanol masers, known tracers of high-mass star formation, in the 3-kpc arms of the inner Galaxy. We present 49 detections from the Methanol Multibeam Survey, the largest Galactic plane survey for…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2009-04-29 J. A. Green , N. M. McClure-Griffiths , J. L. Caswell , S. P. Ellingsen , G. A. Fuller , L. Quinn , M. A. Voronkov

22 GHz water and 6.7 GHz methanol masers are usually thought as signposts of early stages of high-mass star formation but little is known about their associations and the physical environments they occur in. The aim was to obtain accurate…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-19 A. Bartkiewicz , M. Szymczak , Y. M. Pihlström , H. J. van Langevelde , A. Brunthaler , M. J. Reid

We present 1" resolution CARMA observations of the 3mm continuum and 95 GHz methanol masers toward 14 candidate high mass protostellar objects (HMPOs). Dust continuum emission is detected toward seven HMPOs, and methanol masers toward 5…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2011-02-11 S. Schnee , J. Carpenter

Methanol masers at 6.7 GHz are well known tracers of high-mass star-forming regions. However, their origin is still not clearly understood. We aimed to determine the morphology and velocity structure for a large sample of the maser emission…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-03-02 Anna Bartkiewicz , Marian Szymczak , Huib J. van Langevelde

The first images of 6.7-GHz methanol masers in the massive star-forming regions DR21(OH) and DR21(OH)N are presented. By measuring the shapes, radial velocities and polarization properties of these masers it is possible to map out the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 L. Harvey-Smith , R. Soria-Ruiz , A. Duarte-Cabral , R. J. Cohen

The 6.7 GHz maser transition of methanol has been found exclusively towards massive star forming regions. A majority of the masers have been found to lack the presence of any associated radio continuum. This could be due to the maser…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-19 J. D. Pandian , E. Momjian , Y. Xu , K. M. Menten , P. F. Goldsmith

Using the Haystack Observatory 37-m radio telescope we have undertaken a search for emission in the 2(0)-3(1)E rotational transition of methanol in its first torsionally excited state (v_t=1) at 44.9 GHz. We examined seven galactic sources…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 M. A. Voronkov , M. C. Austin , A. M. Sobolev

We have undertaken a comprehensive search for 5-cm excited OH maser emission from evolved stars representative of various stages of late stellar evolution. Observed sources were selected from known 18-cm OH sources. This survey was…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 J. -F. Desmurs , A. Baudry , P. Sivagnanam , C. Henkel

We report the detection of the Zeeman effect in the 44 GHz Class I methanol maser line toward the star forming region DR21(OH). In a 219 Jy/beam maser centered at an LSR velocity of 0.83 km s$^{-1}$, we find a 20-$\sigma$ detection of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-01-18 E. Momjian , A. P. Sarma

We report on a large 44 GHz ($7_0-6_1$ A$^+$) methanol (CH$_3$OH) maser survey of the Galactic Center (GC). The Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array was used to search for CH$_3$OH maser emission covering a large fraction of the region around…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-07 Bridget McEwen , Loránt Sjouwerman , Ylva Pihlström

Spectra of 6.7 GHz methanol masers from 21 pointings of known star-forming regions are reported. The C-band observations, using the Green Bank Telescope in full Stokes mode, have measured how polarization properties vary across the maser…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-19 Paul Fallon , Derck P. Smits

Astrophysical masers are widely used in star formation studies. In particular, they are valuable in investigations of high-mass star-forming regions that are difficult to observe at optical frequencies. We used multi-transition data to…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-17 A. Kobak , A. Bartkiewicz , K. L. J. Rygl , A. M. S. Richards , M. Szymczak , P. Wolak

We conducted VLA C-configuration observations to measure positions and luminosities of Galactic Class II 6.7 GHz methanol masers and their associated ultra-compact H II regions. The spectral resolution was 3.90625 kHz and the continuum…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-12-14 Bo Hu , Karl M. Menten , Yuanwei Wu , Anna Bartkiewicz , Kazi Rygl , Mark J. Reid , James S. Urquhart , Xingwu Zheng

Methanol masers can provide valuable insight into the processes involved in high-mass star formation, however the local environment in which they form is still unclear. Four primary, yet conflicting, models have emerged to explain the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2013-06-25 Richard Dodson , Charles Moriarty

Context: NGC7538 is known to host a 6.7 and 12.2GHz methanol maser cospatial with a Ultra Compact (UC) HII region, IRS1. Aims: We report on the serendipitous discovery of two additional 6.7GHz methanol masers in the same region, not…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Pestalozzi , V. Minier , F. Motte , J. Conway

We present results of 13CO(1-0), C18O(1-0), and HCO+(1-0) map observations and N2H+2 (1-0) single point observations directed towards a sample of nine low-luminosity 6.7-GHz masers. N2H+ line emission has been detected from six out of nine…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-19 Y. W. Wu , Y. Xu , J. Yang

We review the state of the Onsala blind survey of the galactic plane, searching for new 6.7 GHz methanol masers. We also describe preliminary results of millimeter follow-up observations of the new detections and high resolution…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. R. Pestalozzi , V. Minier , R. S. Booth , J. E. Conway

Methanol masers at 6.7~GHz are well-known signposts of high-mass star-forming regions. [...] We aim to understand the origin of the ring-like structures outlined by methanol maser emission in a number of sources. This emission could be, a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-06-19 A. Bartkiewicz , A. Sanna , M. Szymczak , L. Moscadelli , H. J. van Langevelde , P. Wolak , A. Kobak , M. Durjasz

Most low-mass protostars form in clusters, in particular high-mass clusters; however, how low-mass stars form in high-mass clusters and what the mass distribution is, are still open questions both in our own Galaxy and elsewhere. To access…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-07-15 L. E. Kristensen , E. A. Bergin