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We study a notion of tropical linear series on metric graphs that combines two essential properties of tropicalizations of linear series on algebraic curves: the Baker-Norine rank and the independence rank. Our main results relate the local…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-09-05 Chih-Wei Chang , Matthew Dupraz , Hernan Iriarte , David Jensen , Dagan Karp , Sam Payne , Jidong Wang

We introduce a scheme-theoretic enrichment of the principal objects of tropical geometry. Using a category of semiring schemes, we construct tropical hypersurfaces as schemes over idempotent semirings such as $\mathbb{T} = (\mathbb{R}\cup…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2017-02-22 Jeffrey Giansiracusa , Noah Giansiracusa

In this paper, we introduce certain $n$-th order nonlinear Loewy factorizable algebraic ordinary differential equations for the first time and study the growth of their meromorphic solutions in terms of the Nevanlinna characteristic…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2017-10-25 Tuen-Wai Ng , Cheng-Fa Wu

Construction and classification of 2D superintegrable systems (i.e. systems admitting, in addition to two global integrals of motion guaranteeing the Liouville integrability, the third global and independent one) defined on 2D spaces of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-17 Cezary Gonera , Magdalena Kaszubska

We give a purely tropical analogue of Donagi's $n$-gonal construction and investigate its combinatorial properties. The input of the construction is a harmonic double cover of an $n$-gonal tropical curve. For $n = 2$ and a dilated double…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-18 Felix Röhrle , Dmitry Zakharov

The purpose of this Note is to provide a deterministic implementation of the random wave model for the number of nodal domains in the context of the two-dimensional torus. The approach is based on recent work due to Nazarov and Sodin and…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2013-03-13 Jean Bourgain

The Nevanlinna matrix of a half-line Jacobi operator coincides, up to multiplication with a constant matrix, with the monodromy matrix of an associated canonical system. This canonical system is discrete in a certain sense, and is…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-18 Jakob Reiffenstein

We present some new Stokes' type theorems on complete non-compact manifolds that extend, in different directions, previous work by Gaffney and Karp and also the so called Kelvin-Nevanlinna-Royden criterion for (p-)parabolicity. Applications…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2012-08-21 Daniele Valtorta , Giona Veronelli

We study the geometry of tropical extensions of hyperfields, including the ordinary, signed and complex tropical hyperfields. We introduce the framework of 'enriched valuations' as hyperfield homomorphisms to tropical extensions, and show…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-11-27 James Maxwell , Ben Smith

We consider multidimensional optimization problems, which are formulated and solved in terms of tropical mathematics. The problems are to minimize (maximize) a linear or nonlinear function defined on vectors over an idempotent semifield,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-18 N. Krivulin

Tropical convective clouds evolve over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales, and this makes them difficult to simulate numerically. Here, we propose that their statistical properties can be derived within a simplified…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2019-01-09 Timothy J. Garrett , Ian B. Glenn , Steven K. Krueger

Can algebraic geometry enhance the sharpness, robustness, and interpretability of modern neural reasoning models by equipping them with a mathematically grounded inductive bias? To answer this, we introduce Tropical Attention, an attention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Baran Hashemi , Kurt Pasque , Chris Teska , Ruriko Yoshida

Solutions to scalar theories with derivative self-couplings often have regions where non-linearities are important. Given a classical source, there is usually a region, demarcated by the Vainshtein radius, inside of which the classical…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-02-28 Gregory Gabadadze , Kurt Hinterbichler , David Pirtskhalava

We study how geometric properties of tropical convex sets and polytopes, which are of interest in many application areas, manifest themselves in their algebraic structure as modules over the tropical semiring. Our main results establish a…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2016-10-04 Zur Izhakian , Marianne Johnson , Mark Kambites

Second order approximate ancillaries have evolved as the primary ingredient for recent likelihood development in statistical inference. This uses quantile functions rather than the equivalent distribution functions, and the intrinsic…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2010-11-29 Ailana M. Fraser , D. A. S. Fraser , Ana-Maria Staicu

We introduce a simple, easy to implement, and computationally efficient tropical convolutional neural network architecture that is robust against adversarial attacks. We exploit the tropical nature of piece-wise linear neural networks by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Kurt Pasque , Christopher Teska , Ruriko Yoshida , Keiji Miura , Jefferson Huang

We develop a second-microlocal calculus of pseudodifferential operators in the semiclassical setting. These operators test for Lagrangian regularity of semiclassical families of distributions on a manifold $X$ with respect to a Lagrangian…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2011-03-29 Andras Vasy , Jared Wunsch

We establish a partial extension of the Poincar\'e duality theorem of Jell-Rau-Shaw to tropical hypersurfaces arising from non-primitive triangulations. We introduce a notion of level of primitivity for triangulations of lattice polytopes…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2026-01-16 Samuel Dentan

A classical (or quantum) superintegrable system on an n-dimensional Riemannian manifold is an integrable Hamiltonian system with potential that admits 2n-1 functionally independent constants of the motion that are polynomial in the momenta,…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2008-04-24 Willard Miller

We discuss, following Mikhalkin, Brugall\'e, and many others, the counting of curves on toric surfaces with prescribed genus, Newton polygon, and intersection pattern with the toric boundary divisor, both at assigned and unassigned points.…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-11-27 Thomas Dedieu