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Retrieval-augmented Generation (RAG) extends large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge but faces key challenges: restricted effective context length and redundancy in retrieved documents. Pure compression-based approaches reduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Yiqiao Jin , Kartik Sharma , Vineeth Rakesh , Yingtong Dou , Menghai Pan , Mahashweta Das , Srijan Kumar

Large Language Models (LLMs) have changed the way natural language processing works, but it is still hard to store and manage prompts efficiently in production environments. This paper presents LoPace (Lossless Optimized Prompt Accurate…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Aman Ulla

Recent advancements in large-scale pretraining in natural language processing have enabled pretrained vision-language models such as CLIP to effectively align images and text, significantly improving performance in zero-shot image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Thanh Hieu Cao , Trung Khang Tran , Gia Thinh Pham , Tuong Nghiem Diep , Thanh Binh Nguyen

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and LlaMA are advancing rapidly in generative Artificial Intelligence (AI), but their immense size poses significant challenges, such as huge training and inference costs, substantial energy…

We present simple and efficient algorithms for calculating $q$-gram frequencies on strings represented in compressed form, namely, as a straight line program (SLP). Given an SLP of size $n$ that represents string $T$, we present an $O(qn)$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-07-14 Keisuke Goto , Hideo Bannai , Shunsuke Inenaga , Masayuki Takeda

Grammar compression is, next to Lempel-Ziv (LZ77) and run-length Burrows-Wheeler transform (RLBWT), one of the most flexible approaches to representing and processing highly compressible strings. The main idea is to represent a text as a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-01-06 Dominik Kempa , Ben Langmead

Compressed indexing enables powerful queries over massive and repetitive textual datasets using space proportional to the compressed input. While theoretical advances have led to highly efficient index structures, their practical…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Ankith Reddy Adudodla , Dominik Kempa

Hallucination has emerged as the most vulnerable aspect of contemporary Large Language Models (LLMs). In this paper, we introduce the Sorry, Come Again (SCA) prompting, aimed to avoid LLM hallucinations by enhancing comprehension through:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Vipula Rawte , S. M Towhidul Islam Tonmoy , S M Mehedi Zaman , Prachi Priya , Aman Chadha , Amit P. Sheth , Amitava Das

Recent advances in text-based large language models (LLMs), particularly in the GPT series and the o1 model, have demonstrated the effectiveness of scaling both training-time and inference-time compute. However, current state-of-the-art TTS…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-25 Zhen Ye , Xinfa Zhu , Chi-Min Chan , Xinsheng Wang , Xu Tan , Jiahe Lei , Yi Peng , Haohe Liu , Yizhu Jin , Zheqi Dai , Hongzhan Lin , Jianyi Chen , Xingjian Du , Liumeng Xue , Yunlin Chen , Zhifei Li , Lei Xie , Qiuqiang Kong , Yike Guo , Wei Xue

With the wide adoption of language models for IR -- and specifically RAG systems -- the latency of the underlying LLM becomes a crucial bottleneck, since the long contexts of retrieved passages lead large prompts and therefore, compute…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Cornelius Kummer , Lena Jurkschat , Michael Färber , Sahar Vahdati

Large Language Models (LLMs) need to adapt to the continuous changes in data, tasks, and user preferences. Due to their massive size and the high costs associated with training, LLMs are not suitable for frequent retraining. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Dongfang Li , Zetian Sun , Xinshuo Hu , Baotian Hu , Min Zhang

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with low-rank adaptations (LoRAs) has become common practice, often yielding numerous copies of the same LLM differing only in their LoRA updates. This paradigm presents challenges for systems that…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Rickard Brüel-Gabrielsson , Jiacheng Zhu , Onkar Bhardwaj , Leshem Choshen , Kristjan Greenewald , Mikhail Yurochkin , Justin Solomon

MEGA is a recent transformer-based architecture, which utilizes a linear recurrent operator whose parallel computation, based on the FFT, scales as $O(LlogL)$, with $L$ being the sequence length. We build upon their approach by replacing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Aleksandar Terzic , Michael Hersche , Geethan Karunaratne , Luca Benini , Abu Sebastian , Abbas Rahimi

In large language model training, input documents are typically concatenated together and then split into sequences of equal length to avoid padding tokens. Despite its efficiency, the concatenation approach compromises data integrity -- it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Hantian Ding , Zijian Wang , Giovanni Paolini , Varun Kumar , Anoop Deoras , Dan Roth , Stefano Soatto

Prompt compression reduces inference cost and context length in large language models, but prior evaluations focus primarily on autoregressive architectures. This study investigates whether prompt compression transfers effectively to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Sterling Huang , Abigayle Brown , Jiyoo Noh , Jiakang Xu , Wantong Huo , Kaung Myat Kyaw , Jonathan Chan

Large Speech Language Models (LSLMs) typically operate at high token rates (tokens/s) to ensure acoustic fidelity, yet this results in sequence lengths that far exceed the underlying semantic content, incurring prohibitive inference costs.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Bajian Xiang , Tingwei Guo , Xuan Chen , Yang Han

The most effective dimensionality reduction procedures produce interpretable features from the raw input space while also providing good performance for downstream supervised learning tasks. For many methods, this requires optimizing one or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Leland Barnard , Farwa Ali , Hugo Botha , David T. Jones

Large Language Models (LLMs) deliver exceptional performance across natural language tasks but demand substantial computational resources, limiting their deployment on resource-constrained edge devices. Existing compression techniques, such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Khurram Khalil , Khaza Anuarul Hoque

RNA co-transcriptionality, where RNA is spliced or folded during transcription from DNA templates, offers promising potential for molecular programming. It enables programmable folding of nano-scale RNA structures and has recently been…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Da-Jung Cho , Szilárd Zsolt Fazekas , Shinnosuke Seki , Max Wiedenhöft

Large language models (LLMs) augmented with retrieval exhibit robust performance and extensive versatility by incorporating external contexts. However, the input length grows linearly in the number of retrieved documents, causing a dramatic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Yun Zhu , Jia-Chen Gu , Caitlin Sikora , Ho Ko , Yinxiao Liu , Chu-Cheng Lin , Lei Shu , Liangchen Luo , Lei Meng , Bang Liu , Jindong Chen