Related papers: A test-tube model for rainfall
This paper discusses the evolution of the droplet size distribution for a liquid-in-gas aerosol contained in a Rayleigh-B\'enard cell. It introduces a non-collisional model for broadening the droplet size distribution, termed 'convective…
It is difficult to explain rainfall from ice-free clouds, because the timescale for the onset of rain showers is shorter than the mean time for collisions between microscopic water droplets. It has been suggested that raindrops are produced…
The demixing of a binary fluid mixture, under gravity, is a two stage process. Initially droplets, or in general aggregates, grow diffusively by collecting supersaturation from the bulk phase. Subsequently, when the droplets have grown to a…
The phase separation mechanism of a binary liquid mixture off-critically quenched in its miscibility gap is nucleation and growth, its homogeneous phase reaching a metastable equilibrium state. The successive stages of growth of the…
We present results from moist convection in a mixture of pressurized sulfur hexa-flouride (liquid and vapor) and helium (gas) to model the wet and dry components of the earth's atmosphere. To allow for homogeneous nucleation, we operate the…
Cloud observables such as precipitation efficiency and cloud lifetime are key quantities in weather and climate, but understanding their quantitative connection to initial conditions such as initial cloud water mass or droplet size remains…
A liquid droplet is fragmented by a sudden pressurized-gas blow, and the resulting droplets, adhered to the window of a flatbed scanner, are counted and sized by computerized means. The use of a scanner plus image recognition software…
We present a mean-field model that describes droplet growth due to condensation and collisions and droplet loss due to fallout. The model allows for an effective numerical simulation. We study how the rain initiation time depends on…
A moisture process with dynamics that switch after hitting a threshold gives rise to a rainfall process. This rainfall process is characterized by its random holding times for dry and wet periods. On average, the holding times for the wet…
A lattice model for active matter is studied numerically, showing that it displays wettings transitions between three distinctive phases when in contact with an impenetrable wall. The particles in the model move persistently, tumbling with…
Cloud droplets grow via vapor condensation and collisional aggregation. Upon reaching approximately $\approx 100~{\rm \mu m}$, their inertia allows them to capture smaller droplets during descent, initiating rain. Here, we show that…
The distribution of liquid water in ice-free clouds determines their radiative properties, a significant source of uncertainty in weather and climate models. Evaporation and turbulent mixing cause a cloud to display large variations in…
Present paper examines the dependency of ambient parameters such as humidity, and turbulence to determine the conditions on raindrop formation with the help of a self-designed cloud chamber. The research methods are experimental and…
We present a comprehensive experimental and theoretical investigation of the evaporation dynamics of freely levitated water droplets in an upward airstream under varying temperature and relative humidity conditions, using a custom-designed…
We propose a simple, self-consistent kinetic model for the evolution of a mixture of droplets and vapor expanding adiabatically in vacuum after rapid, almost isochoric heating. We study the evolution of the two-phase fluid at intermediate…
The evolution of micron-sized droplets in clouds is studied with focus on the 'size-gap' regime of 15-40 $\mu m$ radius, where condensation and differential sedimentation are least effective in promoting growth. This bottleneck leads to…
Condensation of water vapor on active cloud condensation nuclei produces micron-size water droplets. To form rain, they must grow rapidly into at least 50-100 $\mu$m droplets. Observations show that this process takes only 15-20 minutes.…
The process of drop formation from a nozzle can be seen in many natural systems and engineering applications. Here, we investigate the formation of a liquid droplet from a wettable nozzle. The behavior of a drop is complicated due to an…
Our work focuses on an experimental investigation of droplets freely rising through a miscible, more viscous liquid. We report observations of water droplets rising through glycerol and corn syrup, which are common household ingredients.…
Aerosol-cloud interactions represent the largest uncertainty in climate-change assessment, and while cloud turbulence is considered crucial for droplet growth, its precise role remains unclear. Our laboratory-controlled studies show that…