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The very long-term evolution of the hierarchical restricted three-body problem with a slightly aligned precessing quadrupole potential is studied analytically. This problem describes the evolution of a star and a planet which are perturbed…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-08-21 Ygal Y. Klein , Boaz Katz

Several N-body problems in ordinary (3-dimensional) space are introduced which are characterized by Newtonian equations of motion (``acceleration equal force;'' in most cases, the forces are velocity-dependent) and are amenable to exact…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Massimo Bruschi , Francesco Calogero

Consider the Restricted Planar Circular Three Body Problem (RPC3BP), which models the motion of a massless particle (Asteroid) under the gravitational influence of two massive bodies (the primaries) moving on circular orbits. By considering…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-12-24 Marcel Guardia , José Lamas , Tere M-Seara

We present a computer assisted proof or diffusion in the Planar Elliptic Restricted Three Body Problem. We treat the elliptic problem as a perturbation of the circular problem, where the perturbation parameter is the eccentricity of the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-04-20 Maciej J. Capiński , Natalia Wodka

Gravitational scattering of small bodies (planetesimals) by a planet remains a fundamental problem in celestial mechanics. It is traditionally modeled within the circular restricted three-body problem (CR3BP), where individual particle…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-11 Yukun Huang , Brett Gladman , Eiichiro Kokubo

An ever-growing observational aggregate of extrasolar planets has revealed that systems of planets that reside in or near mean-motion resonances are relatively common. While the origin of such systems is attributed to protoplanetary…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Konstantin Batygin , Alessandro Morbidelli

We present a numerical study on the stability of the 1/2, 2/1 and 1/1 retrograde mean motion resonances in the 3-body problem composed of a solar mass star, a Jupiter mass planet and an additional body with zero mass (elliptic restricted…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-06-15 G. A. Caritá , A. C. Signor , M. H. M. Morais

We investigate expansive solutions of the $N$-body problem in $\mathbb{R}^d$ ($d\ge2$) driven by homogeneous Newtonian potentials of degree $-\alpha$. We establish the existence of half-entire expansive motions with prescribed initial…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-04-17 Diego Berti , Davide Polimeni , Susanna Terracini

In this paper we present a framework which provides an analytical (i.e., infinitely differentiable) transformation between spatial coordinates and orbital elements for the solution of the gravitational two-body problem. The formalism omits…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 András Pál

Solving the 4-d Einstein equations as evolution in time requires solving equations of two types: the four elliptic initial data (constraint) equations, followed by the six second order evolution equations. Analytically the constraint…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Richard A. Matzner

When dealing with satellites orbiting a central body on a highly elliptical orbit, it is necessary to consider the effect of gravitational perturbations due to external bodies. Indeed, these perturbations can become very important as soon…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-05-26 Guillaume Lion , Gilles Métris , Florent Deleflie

The elliptic restricted three body problem has been well studied. However, the previous formulations of the problem have used a rotating coordinate system to keep the positions of the primary and secondary on the x-axis. This requires the…

Classical Physics · Physics 2021-12-15 Robert W. Easton

It was shown recently that the constraints on the initial data for Einstein's equations may be posed as an evolutionary problem [9]. In one of the proposed two methods the constraints can be replaced by a first order symmetrizable…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-02-09 István Rácz , Jeffrey Winicour

We examine the evolution of highly eccentric, planet-crossing orbits in the restricted three-body problem (Sun, planet, comet). We construct a simple Keplerian map in which the comet energy changes instantaneously at perihelion, by an…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 Leonid Malyshkin , Scott Tremaine

The continuation of resonant periodic orbits from the restricted to the general three body problem is studied in a systematic way. Starting from the Keplerian unperturbed system we obtain the resonant families of the circular restricted…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2010-03-19 G. Voyatzis , T. Kotoulas , J. D. Hadjidemetriou

Extrasolar systems with planets on eccentric orbits close to or in mean-motion resonances are common. The classical low-order resonant Hamiltonian expansion is unfit to describe the long-term evolution of these systems. We extend the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-09-23 Marco Sansottera , Anne-Sophie Libert

We present a tidal model for treating the rotational evolution in the general three-body problem with arbitrary viscosities, in which all the masses are considered to be extended and all the tidal interactions between pairs are taken into…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-14 F. A. Zoppetti , H. Folonier , A. M. Leiva , C. Beaugé

The true- and eccentric-anomaly parametrizations of the Kepler motion are generalized to quasiperiodic orbits by considering perturbations of the radial part of kinetic energy as a series in the negative powers of the orbital radius. A…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 László Á. Gergely , Zoltán I. Perjés , Mátyás Vasúth

The gradual evolution of the restricted hierarchical three body problem is analyzed analytically, focusing on conditions of Kozai-Lidov Cycles that may lead to orbital flips from prograde to retrograde motion due to the octupole (third…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-11 Ygal Y. Klein , Boaz Katz

We give a surface integral derivation of the leading-order evolution equations for the spin and energy of a relativistic body interacting with other bodies in the post-Newtonian expansion scheme. The bodies can be arbitrarily shaped and can…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-16 Étienne Racine