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This work proposes a novel enumeration algorithm for computing the integrality gap of small instances of the subtour elimination formulation for the Asymmetric Traveling Salesman Problem (ATSP). The core idea is to enumerate pairs of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-10 Alessandro Sosso , Ambrogio Maria Bernardelli , Stefano Gualandi

We study the structure of solutions to linear programming formulations for the traveling salesperson problem (TSP). We perform a detailed analysis of the support of the subtour elimination linear programming relaxation, which leads to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-03-27 Matthias Mnich , Tobias Mömke

We consider the bicriteria asymmetric travelling salesman problem (bi-ATSP). Optimal solution to a multicriteria problem is usually supposed to be the Pareto set, which is rather wide in real-world problems. For the first time we apply to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-12-04 Aleksey O. Zakharov , Yulia V. Kovalenko

Combinatorial optimization is the field devoted to the study and practice of algorithms that solve NP-hard problems. As Machine Learning (ML) and deep learning have popularized, several research groups have started to use ML to solve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Antoine François , Quentin Cappart , Louis-Martin Rousseau

We consider the Travelling Salesman Problem with Neighbourhoods (TSPN) on the Euclidean plane ($\mathbb{R}^2$) and present a Polynomial-Time Approximation Scheme (PTAS) when the neighbourhoods are parallel line segments with lengths between…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Benyamin Ghaseminia , Mohammad R. Salavatipour

Given a bipartite graph $G(V= (A \cup B),E)$ with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges and a function $b \colon V \to \mathbb{Z}_+$, a $b$-matching is a subset of edges such that every vertex $v \in V$ is incident to at most $b(v)$ edges in the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Bhargav Samineni , S M Ferdous , Mahantesh Halappanavar , Bala Krishnamoorthy

In the new wave of artificial intelligence, deep learning is impacting various industries. As a closely related area, optimization algorithms greatly contribute to the development of deep learning. But the reverse applications are still…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-06 Zhengxuan Ling , Xinyu Tao , Yu Zhang , Xi Chen

Transportation cost is an attractive similarity measure between probability distributions due to its many useful theoretical properties. However, solving optimal transport exactly can be prohibitively expensive. Therefore, there has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-04 Nathaniel Lahn , Deepika Mulchandani , Sharath Raghvendra

We study the problem of computing a minimum equivalent digraph (also known as the problem of computing a strong transitive reduction) and its maximum objective function variant, with two types of extensions. First, we allow to declare a set…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2008-09-02 Piotr Berman , Bhaskar DasGupta , Marek Karpinski

The Directed Traveling Salesman Problem (DTSP) is a variant of the classical Traveling Salesman Problem in which the edges in the graph are directed and a vertex and edge can be visited multiple times. The goal is to find a directed closed…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Václav Blažej , Andreas Emil Feldmann , Foivos Fioravantes , Paweł Rzążewski , Ondřej Suchý

The Quadratic Travelling Salesman Problem (QTSP) is to find a least-cost Hamiltonian cycle in an edge-weighted graph, where costs are defined on all pairs of edges such that each edge in the pair is contained in the Hamiltonian cycle. This…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2019-06-19 Brad Woods , Abraham Punnen

Approximate subgraph matching (ASM) is a task that determines the approximate presence of a given query graph in a large target graph. Being an NP-hard problem, ASM is critical in graph analysis with a myriad of applications ranging from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Kaiyang Li , Shihao Ji , Zhipeng Cai , Wei Li

This article explores an approach to addressing the Close Enough Traveling Salesman Problem (CETSP). The objective is to streamline the mathematical formulation by introducing reformulations that approximate the Euclidean distances and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Hiba Bederina

The author would like to propose a simple but yet effective method, convex layers, nearest neighbor and triangle inequality, to approach the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). No computer is needed in this method. This method is designed for…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2012-04-12 Sing Liew

The subtour relaxation of the traveling salesman problem (TSP) plays a central role in approximation algorithms and polyhedral studies of the TSP. A long-standing conjecture asserts that the integrality gap of the subtour relaxation for the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-01 William Cook , Stefan Hougardy , Moritz Petrich

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is one of the classic and hard problems in combinatorial optimization. We develop a new heuristic that uses a connection between Minimum Cost Flow Problems and the TSP to improve on a given suboptimal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-30 Steffen Borgwardt , Zachary Sorenson

The Maximum Carpool Matching problem is a star packing problem in directed graphs. Formally, given a directed graph $G = (V, A)$, a capacity function $ c: V \to N $, and a weight function $w : A \to R $, a feasible \emph{carpool matching}…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-12-06 Gilad Kutiel

The traveling salesman problem (TSP) consists of finding the length of the shortest closed tour visiting N ``cities''. We consider the Euclidean TSP where the cities are distributed randomly and independently in a d-dimensional unit…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-28 N. J. Cerf , J. Boutet de Monvel , O. Bohigas , O. C. Martin , A. G. Percus

In this work we consider the problem of finding the minimum-weight loop cover of an undirected graph. This combinatorial optimization problem is called 2-matching and can be seen as a relaxation of the traveling salesman problem since one…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2018-08-28 Sergio Caracciolo , Andrea Di Gioacchino , Enrico M. Malatesta

This paper proposes a dual divide-and-optimize algorithm (DualOpt) for solving the large-scale traveling salesman problem (TSP). DualOpt combines two complementary strategies to improve both solution quality and computational efficiency.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Shipei Zhou , Yuandong Ding , Chi Zhang , Zhiguang Cao , Yan Jin