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What can we tell about exoplanet habitability if currently only the stellar properties, planet radius, and the incoming stellar flux are known? A planet is in the Habitable Zone (HZ) if it harbors liquid water on its surface. The HZ is…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-11-04 Andras Zsom

The Habitable Zone (HZ) is defined by the possibility of sustaining liquid water on a planetary surface. In the Solar System, the HZ for a conservative climate model extends approximately between the orbits of Earth and Mars. We elaborate…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-02 Amri Wandel

An analysis of the currently known exoplanets in the habitable zones (HZs) of their host stars is of interest in both the wake of the NASA Kepler mission and with prospects for expanding the known planet population through future ground-…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-22 Arthur D. Adams , Stephen R. Kane

It is currently unknown how common life is on exoplanets, or how long planets can remain viable for life. To date, we have a superficial notion of habitability, a necessary first step, but so far lacking an understanding of the detailed…

The Habitable Zone for a given star describes the range of circumstellar distances from the star within which a planet could have liquid water on its surface, which depends upon the stellar properties. Here we describe the development of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 Stephen R. Kane , Dawn M. Gelino

The habitable zone (HZ) is the region around a star(s) where standing bodies of water could exist on the surface of a rocky planet. The classical HZ definition makes a number of assumptions common to the Earth, including assuming that the…

The habitable zone (HZ) around a star is typically defined as the region where a rocky planet can maintain liquid water on its surface. That definition is appropriate, because this allows for the possibility that carbon-based,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 James F. Kasting , Ravi Kopparapu , Ramses M. Ramirez , Chester Harman

The effect of the stellar flux on exoplanetary systems is becoming an increasingly important property as more planets are discovered in the Habitable Zone (HZ). The Kepler mission has recently uncovered circumbinary planets with relatively…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 Stephen R. Kane , Natalie R. Hinkel

The habitable zone (HZ) is the circular region around a star(s) where standing bodies of water could exist on the surface of a rocky planet. Space missions employ the HZ to select promising targets for follow-up habitability assessment. The…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-01 Ramses M. Ramirez

Habitability is a measure of an environment's potential to support life, and a habitable exoplanet supports liquid water on its surface. However, a planet's success in maintaining liquid water on its surface is the end result of a complex…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-15 Ravi kumar Kopparapu , Eric T. Wolf , Victoria S. Meadows

Previous attempts to describe circumbinary habitable zones have been concerned with the spatial extent of the zone, calculated analytically according to the combined radiation field of both stars. By contrast to these "spatial HZs", we…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Duncan Forgan

At present, because of observational selection effects, we know of no exoplanetary systems with any planetary masses close to that of the Earth. We have therefore used computer models to see whether such planets could be dynamically stable…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Barrie W Jones , P Nick Sleep , David R Underwood

Planetary atmospheric energy budgets primarily depend on stellar incident flux. However, stellar variability can have major consequences for the evolution of planetary climates. In this work, we evaluate how stellar variability influences…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-26 Tara Fetherolf , Sadie G. Welter , Colby M. Ostberg , Stephen R. Kane , Rory Barnes , Emilie R. Simpson

Studying exoplanet atmospheres is essential for assessing their potential to host liquid water and their capacity to support life (their habitability). Each atmosphere uniquely influences the likelihood of surface liquid water, defining the…

We demonstrate that the extension of the Habitable Zone (HZ) due to the presence of liquid water on the night side of tidally locked planets, modelled in this and earlier works, significantly increases the number of potentially habitable…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-02 Amri Wandel

Among the most highly valued of exoplanetary discoveries are those of terrestrial planets found to reside within the Habitable Zone (HZ) of the host star. In particular, those HZ planets with relatively bright host stars will serve as…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-07-25 Stephen R. Kane

The habitable zone (HZ) is commonly defined as the range of distances from a host star within which liquid water, a key requirement for life, may exist on a planet's surface. Substantially more CO2 than present in Earth's modern atmosphere…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-06-11 Edward W. Schwieterman , Christopher T. Reinhard , Stephanie L. Olson , Chester E. Harman , Timothy W. Lyons

This paper outlines a simple approach to evaluate habitability of terrestrial planets by assuming different types of planetary atmospheres and using corresponding model calculations. Our approach can be applied for current and future…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 L. Kaltenegger , D. Sasselov

The ongoing discoveries of extrasolar planets are unveiling a wide range of terrestrial mass (size) planets around their host stars. In this letter, we present estimates of habitable zones (HZs) around stars with stellar effective…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-19 Ravi kumar Kopparapu , Ramses M. Ramirez , James SchottelKotte , James F. Kasting , Shawn Domagal-Goldman , Vincent Eymet

The traditional definition of the circumstellar habitable zone (HZ) focuses on liquid water, but neglects the crucial role of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in prebiotic chemistry. Low-mass stars typically emit insufficient UV radiation for…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-27 Dong-Yang Gao , Hui-Gen Liu , Ming Yang , Ji-Lin Zhou
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