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A new method to obtain trigonometry for the real spaces of constant curvature and metric of any (even degenerate) signature is presented. The method encapsulates trigonometry for all these spaces into a single basic trigonometric group…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Francisco J. Herranz , Ramon Ortega , Mariano Santander

A new approach is established to computing the image of a rational map, whereby the use of approximation complexes is complemented with a detailed analysis of the torsion of the symmetric algebra in certain degrees. In the case the map is…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2009-11-16 Laurent Busé , Marc Chardin , Aron Simis

Weighted projective spaces are natural generalizations of projective spaces with a rich structure. Projective Reed-Muller codes are error-correcting codes that played an important role in reliably transmitting information on digital…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Yağmur Çakıroğlu , Mesut Şahin

Recent interest in noncircular trigonometric proofs has underscored the need for alternative methodologies. Jackson and Johnson's 2024 study addresses a longstanding gap in the foundations of trigonometric proofs. Inspired by the work of…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-06-10 Shoya Kise , Takesa Uehara , Takashi Shinzato

Manifold-valued datasets are widely encountered in many computer vision tasks. A non-linear analog of the PCA, called the Principal Geodesic Analysis (PGA) suited for data lying on Riemannian manifolds was reported in literature a decade…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-03-15 Rudrasis Chakraborty , Dohyung Seo , Baba C. Vemuri

This paper introduces a method of calculating and rendering shapes in a non-Euclidean 2D space. In order to achieve this, we developed a physics and graphics engine that uses hyperbolic trigonometry to calculate and subsequently render the…

Graphics · Computer Science 2019-08-13 Daniil Osudin , Christopher Child , Yang-Hui He

Since its introduction by Gauss, Matrix Algebra has facilitated understanding of scientific problems, hiding distracting details and finding more elegant and efficient ways of computational solving. Today's largest problems, which often…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2010-02-01 Oleksii Morozov , Patrick Hunziker

Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) underpin many scientific phenomena, yet traditional computational approaches often struggle with complex, nonlinear systems and irregular geometries. This paper introduces the AMG method, a Multi-Graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Zhihao Li , Haoze Song , Di Xiao , Zhilu Lai , Wei Wang

Using the syzygy method, established in our earlier paper, we characterize the combinatorial stratification of the variety of two-dimensional real generic algebras. We show that there exist exactly three different homotopic types of such…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2018-09-12 Yakov Krasnov , Vladimir G. Tkachev

We propose and discuss how basic notions (quadratic modules, positive elements, semialgebraic sets, Archimedean orderings) and results (Positivstellensaetze) from real algebraic geometry can be generalized to noncommutative $*$-algebras. A…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2007-09-25 Konrad Schmuedgen

We expand the basic geometric elements of the simplex method to linear programs in locally convex topological vector spaces and provide conditions under which the method converges in value to optimality. This setting generalizes many…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-13 Robert L Smith , Christopher Thomas Ryan

This paper explores the application of geometric algebra to Galilean spacetime and its physical implications. We introduce the Galilean Spacetime Algebra (GSTA), a five-dimensional conformal geometric algebra (CGA) generated by a specific…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-03-17 G X A Petronilo

We consider a class of (possibly strongly) geodesically convex optimization problems on Hadamard manifolds, where the objective function splits into the sum of a smooth and a possibly nonsmooth function. We introduce an intrinsic convex…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-23 Ronny Bergmann , Hajg Jasa , Paula John , Max Pfeffer

To understand the structure of an algebraic variety we often embed it in various projective spaces. This develops the notion of projective geometry which has been an invaluable tool in algebraic geometry. We develop a perfectoid analog of…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-11-21 Gabriel Dorfsman-Hopkins

We consider a graph representation in the plane, called the transparent rectangle visibility graph (TRVG), where each vertex is represented by a rectangle in the plane with sides parallel to the plane axes, in a way that any two vertices…

We define a ternary Relation Algebra (RA) of relative position relations on two-dimensional directed lines (d-lines for short). A d-line has two degrees of freedom (DFs): a rotational DF (RDF), and a translational DF (TDF). The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Amar Isli

Researchers have now achieved great success on dealing with 2D images using deep learning. In recent years, 3D computer vision and Geometry Deep Learning gain more and more attention. Many advanced techniques for 3D shapes have been…

Graphics · Computer Science 2020-04-16 Yun-Peng Xiao , Yu-Kun Lai , Fang-Lue Zhang , Chunpeng Li , Lin Gao

We introduce a three-dimensional (3D) fully tensor train (TT)-assembled isogeometric analysis (IGA) framework, TT-IGA, for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) on complex geometries. Our method reformulates IGA discrete operators…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-17 Quoc Thai Tran , Duc P. Truong , Kim Ø. Rasmussen , Boian Alexandrov

A variational principle is applied to 4D Euclidean space provided with a tensor refractive index, defining what can be seen as 4-dimensional optics (4DO). The geometry of such space is analysed, making no physical assumptions of any kind.…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jose B. Almeida

We study the boundary of the nonnegative trigonometric polynomials from the algebraic point of view. In particularly, we show that it is a subset of an irreducible algebraic hypersurface and established its explicit form in terms of…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Vladimir Tkachev