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A boson sampler implements a restricted model of quantum computing. It is defined by the ability to sample from the distribution resulting from the interference of identical bosons propagating according to programmable, non-interacting…

Since the dawn of quantum computation science, a range of quantum algorithms have been proposed, yet few have experimentally demonstrated a definitive quantum advantage. Shor's algorithm, while renowned, has not been realized at a scale to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-13 Chon-Fai Kam , En-Jui Kuo

We recall from previous work a model-independent framework of computational complexity theory. Notably for the present paper, the framework allows formalization of the issues of precision that present themselves when one considers physical,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-04-02 Ed Blakey

Boson is one of the most basic types of particles and preserves the commutation relation. An efficient way to measure a bosonic system is important not only for simulating complex physics phenomena of bosons (such as nuclei) on a qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-28 Tianren Gu , Xiao Yuan , Bujiao Wu

We study the quantum to classical transition in Boson Sampling by analysing how $N$-boson interference is affected by inevitable noise in an experimental setup. We adopt the Gaussian noise model of Kalai and Kindler for Boson Sampling and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-31 Valery Shchesnovich

We develop an alternative boson sampling model operating on single-photon states followed by linear interferometry and Gaussian measurements. The hardness proof for simulating such continuous-variable measurements is established in two main…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-19 Levon Chakhmakhchyan , Nicolas J. Cerf

This paper furthers existing evidence that quantum computers are capable of computations beyond classical computers. Specifically, we strengthen the collapse of the polynomial hierarchy to the second level if: (i) Quantum computers with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-29 Simon C. Marshall , Scott Aaronson , Vedran Dunjko

Results on the hardness of approximate sampling are seen as important stepping stones towards a convincing demonstration of the superior computational power of quantum devices. The most prominent suggestions for such experiments include…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-31 Dominik Hangleiter , Martin Kliesch , Jens Eisert , Christian Gogolin

Boson sampling is a well-defined task that is strongly believed to be intractable for classical computers, but can be efficiently solved by a specific quantum simulator. However, an outstanding problem for large-scale experimental boson…

Gaussian boson sampling (GBS) allows for a way to demonstrate quantum supremacy with the relatively modest experimental resources of squeezed light sources, linear optics, and photon detection. In a realistic experimental setting, numerous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-09 Junheng Shi , Tim Byrnes

Gaussian boson sampling (GBS) is considered a candidate problem for demonstrating quantum advantage. We propose an algorithm for approximate classical simulation of a lossy GBS instance. The algorithm relies on the Taylor series expansion,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-02 M. V. Umanskii , A. N. Rubtsov

Gaussian boson sampling (GBS) is a variety of boson sampling overcoming the stable single-photon preparation difficulty of the later. However, like those in the original version, noises in GBS will also result in the deviation of output…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Yang Ji , Yongzheng Wu , Shi Wang , Jie Hou , Zijian Wang , Bo Jiang

Photonics is a promising platform for demonstrating a quantum computational advantage (QCA) by outperforming the most powerful classical supercomputers on a well-defined computational task. Despite this promise, existing proposals and…

Recent experiments demonstrated quantum computational advantage in random circuit sampling and Gaussian boson sampling. However, it is unclear whether these experiments can lead to practical applications even after considerable research…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-14 Chae-Yeun Park , Pablo A. M. Casares , Juan Miguel Arrazola , Joonsuk Huh

We present a classical algorithm that approximately samples from the output distribution of certain noisy Boson Sampling experiments. This algorithm is inspired by a recent result of Aharonov, Gao, Landau, Liu and Vazirani and makes use of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-30 Changhun Oh , Liang Jiang , Bill Fefferman

Gaussian boson sampling (GBS) is a promising protocol for demonstrating quantum computational advantage. One of the key steps for proving classical hardness of GBS is the so-called ``hiding conjecture'', which asserts that one can ``hide''…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Laura Shou , Sarah H. Miller , Victor Galitski

In order to substantiate claims of quantum computational advantage, it is crucial to develop efficient methods for validating the experimental data. We propose a test of the correct functioning of a boson sampler with single-photon inputs…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-25 Benoit Seron , Leonardo Novo , Alex Arkhipov , Nicolas J. Cerf

Demonstration of quantum advantage for classical machine learning tasks remains a central goal for quantum technologies and artificial intelligence. Two major bottlenecks to this goal are the high dimensionality of practical datasets and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-16 Mohammad Sharifian , Abolfazl Bayat

Quantum computers solve intractable problems which classically require an exponentially long time to compute. With the development of large-scale experiments that claim quantum advantage, a vital issue has now emerged. What are the errors,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-15 Ned Goodman , Alexander S. Dellios , Margaret D. Reid , Peter D. Drummond

The implementation of large-scale universal quantum computation represents a challenging and ambitious task on the road to quantum processing of information. In recent years, an intermediate approach has been pursued to demonstrate quantum…