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We present a simple, self-consistent model to predict the maximum masses of giant molecular clouds (GMCs), stellar clusters and high-redshift clumps as a function of the galactic environment. Recent works have proposed that these maximum…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-05-31 Marta Reina-Campos , J. M. Diederik Kruijssen

The formation of molecular clouds, which serve as stellar nurseries in galaxies, is poorly understood. A class of cloud formation models suggests that a large-scale galactic magnetic field is irrelevant at the scale of individual clouds,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2011-11-14 Hua-bai Li , Thomas Henning

We present the results of a numerical simulation in which star formation proceeds from an initially unbound molecular cloud core. The turbulent motions, which dominate the dynamics, dissipate in shocks leaving a quiescent region which…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Paul C. Clark , Ian A. Bonnell

We report molecular line and continuum observations toward one of the most massive giant molecular clouds (GMCs), GMC-16, in M33 using ALMA with an angular resolution of 0$''$44 $\times$ 0$''$27 ($\sim$2 pc $\times$ 1 pc). We have found…

We investigate how the dynamical state of molecular clouds relates to host galaxy environment, and how this impacts the star formation efficiency in the Milky Way and seven nearby galaxies. We compile measurements of molecular cloud and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-09-25 Andreas Schruba , J. M. Diederik Kruijssen , Adam K. Leroy

The properties of young star clusters formed within a galaxy are thought to vary in different interstellar medium (ISM) conditions, but the details of this mapping from galactic to cluster scales are poorly understood due to the large…

The most recent observational evidence seems to indicate that giant molecular clouds are predominantly gravitationally unbound objects. In this paper we show that this is a natural consequence of a scenario in which cloud-cloud collisions…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-27 C. L. Dobbs , A. Burkert , J. E. Pringle

Observations find a median star formation efficiency per free-fall time in Milky Way Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs) on the order of $\epsilon_{\rm ff}\sim 1\%$ with dispersions of $\sim0.5\,{\rm dex}$. The origin of this scatter in…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-05-08 Kearn Grisdale , Oscar Agertz , Florent Renaud , Alessandro B. Romeo , Julien Devriendt , Adrianne Slyz

We analyse extinction maps of nearby Giant Molecular Clouds to forge a link between driving processes of turbulence and modes of star formation. Our investigation focuses on cloud structure in the column density range above the self…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-28 J. Rowles , D. Froebrich

We study the physical properties of giant molecular cloud associations (GMAs) in M100 (NGC 4321) using the ALMA Science Verification feathered (12-m+ACA) data in 12CO (1-0). To examine the environmental dependence of GMA properties, GMAs…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-05-03 Hsi-An Pan , Nario Kuno

Massive stars are key players in the evolution of galaxies, yet their formation pathway remains unclear. In this work, we use data from several galaxy-wide surveys to build an unbiased dataset of ~700 massive young stellar objects (MYSOs),…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-11-23 B. B. Ochsendorf , M. Meixner , J. Chastenet , A. G. G. M. Tielens , J. Roman-Duval

Galactic star formation scaling relations show increased scatter from kpc to sub-kpc scales. Investigating this scatter may hold important clues to how the star formation process evolves in time and space. Here, we combine different…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-06-14 Bram B. Ochsendorf , Margaret Meixner , Julia Roman-Duval , Mubdi Rahman , Neal J. Evans

We first present chemodynamical simulations to investigate how stellar winds of massive stars influence early dynamical and chemical evolution of forming globular clusters (GCs). In our numerical models, GCs form in turbulent,high-density…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 Kenji Bekki , Masashi Chiba

We aim to better understand how the spatial structure of molecular clouds is governed by turbulence. For that, we study the large-scale spatial distribution of low density molecular gas and search for characteristic length scales. We employ…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-18 N. Schneider , S. Bontemps , R. Simon , V. Ossenkopf , C. Federrath , R. Klessen , F. Motte , P. Andre , J. Stutzki , C. Brunt

We present 12CO J=1-0 observations from the Caltech Millimeter Array of a field in the nearby spiral galaxy M81. We detect emission from three features that are the size of large giant molecular clouds (GMCs) in the Milky Way Galaxy and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 C. L. Taylor , C. D. Wilson

We present $^{12}$CO ($J$ = 2-1), $^{13}$CO ($J$ = 2-1), and C$^{18}$O ($J$ = 2-1) observations toward GMC-8, one of the most massive giant molecular clouds (GMCs) in M33 using ALMA with an angular resolution of 0".44 $\times$ 0".27…

We propose a simple analytic theory for environmentally-dependent molecular cloud lifetimes, based on the large-scale (galactic) dynamics of the interstellar medium. Within this theory, the cloud lifetime is set by the time-scales for…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-03-21 Sarah M. R. Jeffreson , J. M. Diederik Kruijssen

We studied star formation activities in the molecular clouds in the Large Magellanic Cloud. We have utilized the second catalog of 272 molecular clouds obtained by NANTEN to compare the cloud distribution with signatures of massive star…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 A. Kawamura , Y. Mizuno , T. Minamidani , M. D. Fillipovic , L. Staveley-Smith , S. Kim , N. Mizuno , T. Onishi , A. Mizuno , Y. Fukui

The formation and evolution of giant molecular clouds (GMCs) in spiral galaxies have been investigated in the traditional framework of the combined quasi-stationary density wave and galactic shock model. However, our understanding of the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-09-28 Junichi Baba , Kana Morokuma-Matsui , Takayuki R. Saitoh

Recent observational results indicate that the functional shape of the spatially-resolved star formation-molecular gas density relation depends on the spatial scale considered. These results may indicate a fundamental role of sampling…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-04 Daniela Calzetti , Guilin Liu , Jin Koda