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High energy particles from cosmic rays or packaging materials can generate a glitch or a current transient (single event transient or SET) in a logic circuit. This SET can eventually get captured in a register resulting in a flip of the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2017-06-16 Nanditha P. Rao , Madhav P. Desai

We consider the error due to a single bit-flip in a floating point number. We assume IEEE 754 double precision arithmetic, which encodes binary floating point numbers in a 64-bit word. We assume that the bit-flip happens randomly so it has…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2013-04-17 Bradley R. Lowery

In contemporary times, the increasing complexity of the system poses significant challenges to the reliability, trustworthiness, and security of the SACRES. Key issues include the susceptibility to phenomena such as instantaneous voltage…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Enrico Magliano , Alessio Carpegna , Alessadro Savino , Stefano Di Carlo

With technology scaling, lower supply voltages, and higher operating frequencies clock distribution networks become more and more vulnerable to transients faults. These faults can cause circuit-wide effects and thus, significantly…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-02-14 Thomas Lange , Maximilien Glorieux , Dan Alexandrescu , Luca Sterpone

Alpha-particles and cosmic rays cause bit flips in chips. Protection circuits ease the problem, but cost chip area and power, and so designers try hard to optimize them. This leads to bugs: an undetected fault can bring miscalculations, the…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-12-13 Patrick Klampfl , Robert Koenighofer , Roderick Bloem , Ayrat Khalimov , Aiman Abu-Yonis , Shiri Moran

In this paper we present the impact of classical electronics constraints on a solid-state quantum dot logical qubit architecture. Constraints due to routing density, bandwidth allocation, signal timing, and thermally aware placement of…

Soft errors are a type of transient digital signal corruption that occurs in digital hardware components such as the internal flip-flops of CPU pipelines, the register file, memory cells, and even internal communication buses. Soft errors…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Yousun Ko , Bernd Burgstaller

Physical instantiations of a bit of information are subject to thermal noise that can trigger unintended bit-flip errors. Bits implemented with CMOS technology typically operate in regimes that reliably suppress these errors with a large…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-06 Cathryn Murphy , Schuyler Nicholson , Nahuel Freitas , Emanuele Penocchio , Todd Gingrich

A class of two-bit bit flipping algorithms for decoding low-density parity-check codes over the binary symmetric channel was proposed in [1]. Initial results showed that decoders which employ a group of these algorithms operating in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-05-22 Dung Viet Nguyen , Bane Vasic , Michael W. Marcellin

Smaller feature size, higher clock frequency and lower power consumption are of core concerns of today's nano-technology, which has been resulted by continuous downscaling of CMOS technologies. The resultant 'device shrinking' reduces the…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2011-10-19 Muhammad Sheikh Sadi , Md. Mizanur Rahman Khan , Md. Nazim Uddin , Jan Jürjens

Silicon offers an attractive material platform for hardware realization of quantum computing. In this study, a microscopic stochastic simulation method is developed to model the effect of random interface charge traps in silicon…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-12 Tong Wu , Jing Guo

Quantum error correction works effectively only if the error rate of gate operations is sufficiently low. However, some rare physical mechanisms can cause a temporary increase in the error rate that affects many qubits; examples include…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-28 Shi Jie Samuel Tan , Christopher A. Pattison , Matt McEwen , John Preskill

Nanomechanical systems have been proposed as an alternative computing platform for high radiation environments, where semiconductor electronics traditionally fail, as well as to allow improved gate densities and energy consumption. While…

Applied Physics · Physics 2022-12-07 T. Jin , C. G. Baker , E. Romero , N. P. Mauranyapin , T. M. F. Hirsch , W. P. Bowen , G. I. Harris

In this paper, we investigate the impact of bit flip errors in FPGA memories in control electronics on quantum computing systems. FPGA memories are integral in storing the amplitude and phase information pulse envelopes, which are essential…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-12 Subrata Das , Avimita Chatterjee , Swaroop Ghosh

As technology scales, nano-scale digital circuits face heightened susceptibility to single event upsets (SEUs) and transients (SETs) due to shrinking feature sizes and reduced operating voltages. While logical, electrical, and timing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Ali Jockar , Mohsen Raji

Modeling and analysis of soft errors in electronic circuits has traditionally been done using computer simulations. Computer simulations cannot guarantee correctness of analysis because they utilize approximate real number representations…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-08-02 Naeem Abbasi , Osman Hasan , Sofiène Tahar

In this paper, we consider matrices given as a linear combination of permutations and analyze the impact of bit and phase-flips on the perturbation of the eigenvalues. When the coefficients in the linear combination are positive, we observe…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-23 Ammar Daskin

In digital circuits, a Flip-Flop (FF) is a circuit element that has two stable states which can be used to store and remember state information. The state of the circuit can be changed by applying signals to the control input. FFs are the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-29 Dawit Hiluf , Yonatan Dubi

Phase-locked loops (PLL), Costas loops and other synchronizing circuits are featured by the presence of a nonlinear phase detector, described by a periodic nonlinearity. In general, nonlinearities can cause complex behavior of the system…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-08-21 Vera Smirnova , Anton Proskurnikov , Natalia V. Utina

The central challenge in building a quantum computer is error correction. Unlike classical bits, which are susceptible to only one type of error, quantum bits ("qubits") are susceptible to two types of error, corresponding to flips of the…

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