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The new concept of fuzzy interval matrices has been introduced in this book for the first time. The authors have not only introduced the notion of fuzzy interval matrices, interval neutrosophic matrices and fuzzy neutrosophic interval…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy , Florentin Smarandache

In multi-attribute decision-making problems where the attribute values are interval grey numbers, a simplified form based on kernels and the degree of greyness is presented. Combining fuzzy graph theory with the kernel and the degree of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-22 Wanli Xie , Jiale Zhang , Ruiqing Cao

A detailed study of graded frame, graded fuzzy topological system and fuzzy topological space with graded inclusion is already done in our earlier paper. The notions of graded fuzzy topological system and fuzzy topological space with graded…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2017-04-27 Purbita Jana , Mihir K. Chakraborty

This book presents a comprehensive and systematic survey of graph theory under uncertainty, with particular emphasis on the unifying role of the uncertain graph framework. It reviews fundamental concepts, structural properties, graph…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Takaaki Fujita , Florentin Smarandache

The concept of interval-valued fuzzy soft $\beta$-covering approximation spaces (IFS$\beta$CASs) is introduced to combine the theories of soft sets, rough sets and interval-valued fuzzy sets, and some fundamental propositions concerning…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2024-04-12 Shizhan Lu

Prediction of multi-dimensional labels plays an important role in machine learning problems. We found that the classical binary labels could not reflect the contents and their relationships in an instance. Hence, we propose a multi-label…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Dayong Tian , Feifei Li , Yiwen Wei

Prediction sets offer a binary inclusion/exclusion for each element at the same fixed confidence level. We generalize to fuzzy prediction sets, which exclude elements at their own data-driven confidence level. Our key insight is that a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-01 Nick W. Koning , Sam van Meer

In this paper, a new interval type-2 fuzzy neural network able to construct non-separable fuzzy rules with adaptive shapes is introduced. To reflect the uncertainty, the shape of fuzzy sets considered to be uncertain. Therefore, a new form…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Armin Salimi-Badr

This article is meant to give a lucid and widely accessible, self-contained account of a novel way of performing arithmetic operations on fuzzy intervals. Based on two formulae of generalized inversion (the first in close analogy to the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2016-10-28 Jan Schneider

Random fuzzy variables join the modeling of the impreciseness (due to their ``fuzzy part'') and randomness. Statistical samples of such objects are widely used, and their direct, numerically effective generation is therefore necessary.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-22 Maciej Romaniuk , Abbas Parchami , Przemysław Grzegorzewski

The sigma index of a graph, defined as the population variance of its degree sequence, is a fundamental measure of structural irregularity. In this paper, we introduce and systematically investigate its natural extension to fuzzy graphs,…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-04-16 Duaa Abdullah

The vertices of an interval graph represent intervals over a real line where overlapping intervals denote that their corresponding vertices are adjacent. This implies that the vertices are measurable by a metric and there exists a linear…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-03-26 Chuan Wen Loe , Henrik Jeldtoft Jensen

In this paper we introduce and study semigroups of operators on spaces of fuzzy-number-valued functions, and various applications to fuzzy differential equations are presented. Starting from the space of fuzzy numbers, many new spaces…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2013-06-18 Ciprian G. Gal , Sorin G. Gal

The fuzzy Sombor index applies the classical Sombor index to fuzzy graphs, incorporating both edge membership values and fuzzy vertex degrees. For $\alpha>1$, the general fuzzy Sombor index it is defined as \[…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-05-11 Jasem Hamoud

In this paper, I obtain an $S$-type fuzzy point when two fuzzy numbers for two independent variables and a corresponding fuzzy number for the dependent variable are given. A comprehensive study on a conceptualization of a fuzzy plane as a…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2024-03-20 Diksha Gupta

In this paper we provide a general setting to deal with level continuous fuzzy-valued functions. Namely, we embed such functions into a product of spaces of real-valued functions of two variables satisfying certain types of left-continuity,…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-03-31 J. J. Font , S. Macario , M. Sanchis

This book presents the advancements and applications of neutrosophics. Chapter 1 first introduces the interval neutrosophic sets which is an instance of neutrosophic sets. In this chapter, the definition of interval neutrosophic sets and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Haibin Wang , Florentin Smarandache , Yan-Qing Zhang , Rajshekhar Sunderraman

Since categories are graphs with additional "structure", one should start from fuzzy graphs in order to define a theory of fuzzy categories. Thus is makes sense to introduce categories whose morphisms are associated with a plausibility…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-10-07 Apostolos Syropoulos

In this article, we first define the concept of ordered intervals, then introduce ordered fuzzy inner product and describe some of its properties.

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-12-30 Bayaz Daraby , Asghar Rahimi , Hasan Haddadzadeh

Limits and colimits of diagrams, defined by maps between sets, are universal constructions fundamental in different mathematical domains and key concepts in theoretical computer science. Its importance in semantic modeling is described by…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-04-12 Carlos Leandro , Luís Monteiro