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We study the fundamental question of how efficiently suffix array entries can be accessed when the array cannot be stored explicitly. The suffix array $SA_T[1..n]$ of a text $T$ of length $n$ encodes the lexicographic order of its suffixes…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Dominik Kempa , Tomasz Kociumaka

The $k$-mappability problem has two integers parameters $m$ and $k$. For every subword of size $m$ in a text $S$, we wish to report the number of indices in $S$ in which the word occurs with at most $k$ mismatches. The problem was lately…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Amihood Amir , Itai Boneh , Eitan Kondratovsky

We show how to determine whether a given pattern p of length m occurs in a given text t of length n in ${\tilde O}(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{m})$\footnote{${\tilde O}$ allows for logarithmic factors in m and $n/m$} time, with inverse polynomial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 H. Ramesh , V. Vinay

We consider the problem of maintaining a collection of strings while efficiently supporting splits and concatenations on them, as well as comparing two substrings, and computing the longest common prefix between two suffixes. This problem…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Zsuzsanna Lipták , Francesco Masillo , Gonzalo Navarro

Two strings of the same length are said to Cartesian-tree match (CT-match) if their Cartesian-trees are isomorphic [Park et al., TCS 2020]. Cartesian-tree matching is a natural model that allows for capturing similarities of numerical…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Taketo Tsujimoto , Yuki Yonemoto , Hiroki Shibata , Takuya Mieno , Yuto Nakashima , Shunsuke Inenaga

In this paper, we design a new succinct static dictionary with worst-case constant query time. A dictionary data structure stores a set of key-value pairs with distinct keys in $[U]$ and values in $[\sigma]$, such that given a query $x\in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Yang Hu , Jingxun Liang , Huacheng Yu , Junkai Zhang , Renfei Zhou

We present space lower bounds for online pattern matching under a number of different distance measures. Given a pattern of length m and a text that arrives one character at a time, the online pattern matching problem is to report the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-06-23 Raphael Clifford , Markus Jalsenius , Ely Porat , Benjamin Sach

Let $\Sigma$ and $\Pi$ be disjoint alphabets, respectively called the static alphabet and the parameterized alphabet. Two strings $x$ and $y$ over $\Sigma \cup \Pi$ of equal length are said to parameterized match (p-match) if there exists a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-02-05 Noriki Fujisato , Yuto Nakashima , Shunsuke Inenaga , Hideo Bannai , Masayuki Takeda

The convolution between a text string $S$ of length $N$ and a pattern string $P$ of length $m$ can be computed in $O(N \log m)$ time by FFT. It is known that various types of approximate string matching problems are reducible to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-03-19 Toshiya Tanaka , Tomohiro I , Shunsuke Inenaga , Hideo Bannai , Masayuki Takeda

We study here the so called subsequence pattern matching also known as hidden pattern matching in which one searches for a given pattern $w$ of length $m$ as a subsequence in a random text of length $n$. The quantity of interest is the…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-03-24 Svante Janson , Wojciech Szpankowski

The problem of storing a set of strings --- a string dictionary --- in compact form appears naturally in many cases. While classically it has represented a small part of the whole data to be processed (e.g., for Natural Language processing…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-01-31 Nieves R. Brisaboa , Rodrigo Cánovas , Miguel A. Martínez-Prieto , Gonzalo Navarro

Suffix trees and suffix arrays are two of the most widely used data structures for text indexing. Each uses linear space and can be constructed in linear time for polynomially sized alphabets. However, when it comes to answering queries…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-11-08 Richard Cole , Tsvi Kopelowitz , Moshe Lewenstein

Squares (fragments of the form $xx$, for some string $x$) are arguably the most natural type of repetition in strings. The basic algorithmic question concerning squares is to check if a given string of length $n$ is square-free, that is,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Jonas Ellert , Paweł Gawrychowski , Garance Gourdel

Grammar based compression, where one replaces a long string by a small context-free grammar that generates the string, is a simple and powerful paradigm that captures many popular compression schemes. In this paper, we present a novel…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-10-30 Philip Bille , Gad M. Landau , Rajeev Raman , Kunihiko Sadakane , Srinivasa Rao Satti , Oren Weimann

Let S be a finite, ordered alphabet, and let x = x_1 x_2 ... x_n be a string over S. A "secondary index" for x answers alphabet range queries of the form: Given a range [a_l,a_r] over S, return the set I_{[a_l;a_r]} = {i |x_i \in [a_l;…

Databases · Computer Science 2008-11-19 Rasmus Pagh , S. Srinivasa Rao

We revisit the classic border tree data structure [Gu, Farach, Beigel, SODA 1994] that answers the following prefix-suffix queries on a string $T$ of length $n$ over an integer alphabet $\Sigma=[0,\sigma)$: for any $i,j \in [0,n)$ return…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Solon P. Pissis

We consider a range of simply stated dynamic data structure problems on strings. An update changes one symbol in the input and a query asks us to compute some function of the pattern of length $m$ and a substring of a longer text. We give…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-02-20 Raphael Clifford , Allan Grønlund , Kasper Green Larsen , Tatiana Starikovskaya

The membership problem asks to maintain a set $S\subseteq[u]$, supporting insertions and membership queries, i.e., testing if a given element is in the set. A data structure that computes exact answers is called a dictionary. When a (small)…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Mingmou Liu , Yitong Yin , Huacheng Yu

Continuing the recent trend, in this article we design several space-efficient algorithms for two well-known graph search methods. Both these search methods share the same name {\it breadth-depth search} (henceforth {\sf BDS}), although…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-06-20 Sankardeep Chakraborty , Anish Mukherjee , Srinivasa Rao Satti

We revisit two well-known algorithmic problems on strings: computing a shortest unique substring (SUS) and a shortest absent substring (SAS) of a string $S$ of length $n$. Both problems admit folklore $\mathcal{O}(n)$-time solutions using…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Panagiotis Charalampopoulos , Manal Mohamed , Solon P. Pissis , Hilde Verbeek , Wiktor Zuba