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We study the complexity of securely evaluating arithmetic circuits over finite rings. This question is motivated by natural secure computation tasks. Focusing mainly on the case of two-party protocols with security against malicious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2008-11-08 Yuval Ishai , Manoj Prabhakaran , Amit Sahai

The implicit graph conjecture states that every sufficiently small, hereditary graph class has a labeling scheme with a polynomial-time computable label decoder. We approach this conjecture by investigating classes of label decoders defined…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-02-02 Maurice Chandoo

The certification of intrinsic randomness is foundational to quantum information theory and central in many practical applications thereof, such as in the generation of unquestionably random numbers and in cryptographic protocols.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-27 Maria Ciudad Alañón , Daniel Centeno , Andrew Watford , Elie Wolfe

We show that algebraic formulas and constant-depth circuits are closed under taking factors. In other words, we show that if a multivariate polynomial over a field of characteristic zero has a small constant-depth circuit or formula, then…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Somnath Bhattacharjee , Mrinal Kumar , Shanthanu S. Rai , Varun Ramanathan , Ramprasad Saptharishi , Shubhangi Saraf

An `obfuscation' for encrypted computing is quantified exactly here, leading to an argument that security against polynomial-time attacks has been achieved for user data via the deliberately `chaotic' compilation required for security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Peter T. Breuer

The problem of simulatability of quantum processes using classical resources plays a cornerstone role for quantum computing. Quantum circuits can be simulated classically, e.g., using Monte Carlo sampling techniques applied to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-09 Denis A. Kulikov , Vsevolod I. Yashin , Aleksey K. Fedorov , Evgeniy O. Kiktenko

We present verification protocols to gain confidence in the correct performance of the realization of an arbitrary universal quantum computation. The derivation of the protocols is based on the fact that matchgate computations, which are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-11 Jose Carrasco , Marc Langer , Antoine Neven , Barbara Kraus

This paper presents a high-level circuit obfuscation technique to prevent the theft of intellectual property (IP) of integrated circuits. In particular, our technique protects a class of circuits that relies on constant multiplications,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Levent Aksoy , Quang-Linh Nguyen , Felipe Almeida , Jaan Raik , Marie-Lise Flottes , Sophie Dupuis , Samuel Pagliarini

We give upper and lower bounds on the power of subsystems of the Ideal Proof System (IPS), the algebraic proof system recently proposed by Grochow and Pitassi, where the circuits comprising the proof come from various restricted algebraic…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-06-17 Michael A. Forbes , Amir Shpilka , Iddo Tzameret , Avi Wigderson

We consider the problem of universal decoding for arbitrary unknown channels in the random coding regime. For a given random coding distribution and a given class of metric decoders, we propose a generic universal decoder whose average…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Neri Merhav

Forty years ago, Wiesner pointed out that quantum mechanics raises the striking possibility of money that cannot be counterfeited according to the laws of physics. We propose the first quantum money scheme that is (1) public-key, meaning…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-09-18 Scott Aaronson , Paul Christiano

In the article at hand, we sketch how, by utilizing nilpotency to its fullest extent (Engel, Super Engel) while using methods from the theory of universal enveloping algebras, a complete description of the indecomposable representations may…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2012-10-09 Hans Plesner Jakobsen

Program obfuscation is a widely employed approach for software intellectual property protection. However, general obfuscation methods (e.g., lexical obfuscation, control obfuscation) implemented in mainstream obfuscation tools are heuristic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-10-04 Hui Xu , Yangfan Zhou , Yu Kang , Michael R. Lyu

We use the class of commuting quantum computations known as IQP (Instantaneous Quantum Polynomial time) to strengthen the conjecture that quantum computers are hard to simulate classically. We show that, if either of two plausible…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-24 Michael J. Bremner , Ashley Montanaro , Dan J. Shepherd

Sampling from the output distributions of quantum computations comprising only commuting gates, known as instantaneous quantum polynomial (IQP) computations, is believed to be intractable for classical computers, and hence this task has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-07 Joel Rajakumar , James D. Watson , Yi-Kai Liu

Circuit complexity, defined as the minimum circuit size required for implementing a particular Boolean computation, is a foundational concept in computer science. Determining circuit complexity is believed to be a hard computational problem…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-07-08 Claudio Chamon , Andrei E. Ruckenstein , Eduardo R. Mucciolo , Ran Canetti

Modern programming relies on our ability to treat preprogrammed functions as black boxes - we can invoke them as subroutines without knowing their physical implementation. Here we show it is generally impossible to execute an unknown…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-11 Jayne Thompson , Mile Gu , Kavan Modi , Vlatko Vedral

We show that families of Instantaneous Quantum Polynomial (IQP) circuits corresponding to nontrivial Bell tests exhibit nonlocality. However, we also prove that this nonlocality can only be demonstrated using post-selection or nonlinear…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-16 Joel J. Wallman , Emily Adlam

We introduce a distributed classical simulation algorithm for general quantum circuits, and present numerical results for calculating the output probabilities of universal random circuits. We find that we can simulate more qubits to greater…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-08 Jianxin Chen , Fang Zhang , Cupjin Huang , Michael Newman , Yaoyun Shi

We introduce a new family of quantum circuits in Continuous Variables and we show that, relying on the widely accepted conjecture that the polynomial hierarchy of complexity classes does not collapse, their output probability distribution…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-13 Ulysse Chabaud , Tom Douce , Damian Markham , Peter van Loock , Elham Kashefi , Giulia Ferrini