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The conformal loop ensemble CLE$_\kappa$ with parameter $8/3 < \kappa < 8$ is the canonical conformally invariant measure on countably infinite collections of non-crossing loops in a simply connected domain. We show that the number of loops…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-03-28 Jason Miller , Samuel S. Watson , David B. Wilson

The conformal loop ensemble $\mathrm{CLE}_{\kappa}$ is the canonical conformally invariant probability measure on noncrossing loops in a proper simply connected domain in the complex plane. The parameter $\kappa$ varies between $8/3$ and…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-08-05 Jason Miller , Nike Sun , David B. Wilson

The conformal loop ensemble (CLE) is the canonical conformally invariant probability measure on non-crossing loops in a simply connected domain in $\mathbb C$ and is indexed by a parameter $\kappa \in (8/3,8)$. We consider CLE$_\kappa$ on…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-11-11 Ewain Gwynne , Jason Miller , Wei Qian

We construct and study the conformal loop ensembles CLE(kappa), defined for all kappa between 8/3 and 8, using branching variants of SLE(kappa) called exploration trees. The conformal loop ensembles are random collections of countably many…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Scott Sheffield

Conformal loop ensembles are random collections of loops in a simply connected domain, whose laws are characterized by a natural conformal invariance property. The set of points not surrounded by any CLE loop is a natural random and…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-10-10 Jason Miller , Scott Sheffield , Wendelin Werner

We study a class of approximation schemes aimed at constructing conformally covariant metrics defined in the gasket of a conformal loop ensemble (CLE$_\kappa$) for $\kappa \in (4,8)$. This is the range of parameter values so that the loops…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-07-22 Valeria Ambrosio , Jason Miller , Yizheng Yuan

We give a construction of the stress-energy tensor of conformal field theory (CFT) as a local "object" in conformal loop ensembles CLE_\kappa, for all values of \kappa in the dilute regime 8/3 < \kappa <= 4 (corresponding to the central…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-11 Benjamin Doyon

The conformal loop ensembles CLE(k), defined for k in [8/3, 8], are random collections of loops in a planar domain which are conjectured scaling limits of the O(n) loop models. We calculate the distribution of the conformal radii of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-04-17 Oded Schramm , Scott Sheffield , David B. Wilson

The goal of the present paper is to explain, based on properties of the conformal loop ensembles CLE$_\kappa$ (both with simple and non-simple loops, i.e., for the whole range $\kappa \in (8/3, 8)$) how to derive the connection…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-11-21 Jason Miller , Wendelin Werner

We study Conformal Loop Ensemble (CLE$_{\kappa}$) in doubly connected domains: annuli, the punctured disc, and the punctured plane. We restrict attention to CLE$_{\kappa}$ for which the loops are simple, i.e. $\kappa\in (8/3,4]$. In the…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-11-06 Scott Sheffield , Samuel S. Watson , Hao Wu

Simple conformal loop ensembles (CLE) are a class of random collection of simple non-intersecting loops that are of particular interest in the study of conformally invariant systems. Among other things related to these CLEs, we prove the…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-07-18 Antti Kemppainen , Wendelin Werner

We prove the existence and uniqueness of the canonical conformally covariant volume measure on the carpet/gasket of a conformal loop ensemble (CLE$_\kappa$, $\kappa \in (8/3,8)$) which respects the Markov property for CLE. The starting…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-06-23 Jason Miller , Lukas Schoug

We construct an aggregation process of chordal SLE(\kappa) excursions in the unit disk, starting from the boundary, growing towards all inner points simultaneously, invariant under all conformal self-maps of the disk. We prove that this…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-01-22 Gábor Pete , Hao Wu

The conformal loop ensemble (CLE) is a conformally invariant random collection of loops. In the non-simple regime $\kappa'\in (4,8)$, it describes the scaling limit of the critical Fortuin-Kasteleyn (FK) percolations. CLE percolations were…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-10-17 Haoyu Liu , Xin Sun , Pu Yu , Zijie Zhuang

We show that when one draws a simple conformal loop ensemble (CLE$_\kappa$ for $\kappa \in (8/3,4)$) on an independent $\sqrt{\kappa}$-Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) surface and explores the CLE in a natural Markovian way, the quantum…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-10-20 Jason Miller , Scott Sheffield , Wendelin Werner

This is the first part of a work aimed at constructing the stress-energy tensor of conformal field theory as a local "object" in conformal loop ensembles (CLE). This work lies in the wider context of re-constructing quantum field theory…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-05-26 Benjamin Doyon

We show for $\kappa \in (4,8)$ that the canonical conformally covariant measure on the conformal loop ensemble (CLE$_\kappa$) gasket, previously constructed indirectly by the first co-author and Schoug, can be realized as the limit of…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-17 Jason Miller , Yizheng Yuan

The conformal loop ensemble (CLE) has two phases: for $\kappa \in (8/3, 4]$, the loops are simple and do not touch each other or the boundary; for $\kappa \in (4,8)$, the loops are non-simple and may touch each other and the boundary. For…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-08-22 Morris Ang , Xin Sun , Pu Yu , Zijie Zhuang

We prove the super-exponential decay of probabilities that there exist $n$ crossings of a given quadrilateral in a simple $\text{CLE}_\kappa(\Omega)$, $\frac{8}{3}<\kappa\le 4$, as $n$ goes to infinity. Besides being of independent…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-03-25 Tianyi Bai , Yijun Wan

We study some conformally invariant dynamic ways to construct the Conformal Loop Ensembles with simple loops introduced in earlier papers by Sheffield, and by Sheffield and Werner. One outcome is a conformally invariant way to measure a…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-05-31 Wendelin Werner , Hao Wu
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