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An exact invariant is derived for $n$-degree-of-freedom Hamiltonian systems with general time-dependent potentials. The invariant is worked out in two equivalent ways. In the first approach, we define a special {\it Ansatz\/} for the…

Classical Physics · Physics 2023-03-23 Jürgen Struckmeier , Claus Riedel

In theories like SM or MSSM with a complex gauge group structure the complete set of Feynman diagrams contributed to a particular physics process can be splited to exact gauge invariant subsets. Arguments and examples given in the review…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-07 E. E. Boos

By studying various rational integrable maps on $\mathbf{\hat C}^d$ with $p$ invariants, we show that periodic points form an invariant variety of dimension $\ge p$ for each period, in contrast to the case of nonintegrable maps in which…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Satoru Saito , Noriko Saitoh

Let $G$ be a permutation graph. We show that $G$ is Cohen-Macaulay if and only if $G$ is unmixed and vertex decomposable. When this is the case, we obtain a combinatorial description for the $a$-invariant of $G$. Moreover, we characterize…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2025-02-28 Antonino Ficarra , Somayeh Moradi

While the classification of $\alpha'$ corrections of string inspired effective theories remains an unsolved problem, we show how to classify duality invariant $\alpha'$ corrections for purely time-dependent (cosmological) backgrounds. We…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-12-18 Olaf Hohm , Barton Zwiebach

A spanning subgraph of a graph G is called a [0,2]-factor of G, if for . is a union of some disjoint cycles, paths and isolate vertices, that span the graph G. It is easy to get a [0,2]-factor of G and there would be many of [0,2]-factors…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-11-03 Yingtai Xie

This text proposes geometrical descriptions of all variational problems invariant by conformal transformations in two variables. First a characterisation in terms of C-Finsler manifolds, a suitable generalization of Finsler manifolds, is…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Frederic Helein

In this note we study and compare three graph invariants related to the 'compactness' of graph drawing in the plane: the dilation coefficient, defined as the smallest possible quotient between the longest and the shortest edge length; the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-01-05 Martin Milanic , Tomaz Pisanski , Arjana Zitnik

We present significant evidence that the powerful property of Yangian invariance extends to a new large class of conformally invariant Feynman integrals. Our results apply to planar Feynman diagrams in any spacetime dimension dual to an…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-07-01 Vladimir Kazakov , Fedor Levkovich-Maslyuk , Victor Mishnyakov

In this paper, we investigate the strength of chromatic symmetric homology as a graph invariant. Chromatic symmetric homology is a lift of the chromatic symmetric function for graphs to a homological setting, and its Frobenius…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-12-02 Alex Chandler , Radmila Sazdanovic , Salvatore Stella , Martha Yip

Two criteria for planarity of a Feynman diagram upon its propagators (momentum flows) are presented. Instructive Mathematica programs that solve the problem and examples are provided. A simple geometric argument is used to show that while…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2013-12-20 Krzysztof Bielas , Ievgen Dubovyk , Janusz Gluza , Tord Riemann

In 2019, investigation of the so-called factor-invariant cubic graphs was initiated by Alspach, Khodadadpour and Kreher. For a cubic graph $\Gamma$ and a vertex-transitive subgroup $G$ of $\mathrm{Aut}(\Gamma)$, a $2$-factor $\mathcal{C}$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-19 Primož Šparl

To any graph with external half-edges and internal masses, we associate canonical integrals which depend non-trivially on particle masses and momenta, and are always finite. They are generalised Feynman integrals which satisfy graphical…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-11-23 Francis Brown

We present a grapical way to describe invariants and covariants in the (4 dim) general relativity. This makes us free from the complexity of suffixes . Two new off-shell relations between (mass)$\ast\ast 6$\ invariants are obtained. These…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-04-06 Shoichi Ichinose

In this article we consider the two-dimensional incompressible Euler equations and give a sufficient condition on Gaussian measures of jointly independent Fourier coefficients supported on $H^{\sigma}(\mathbb{T}^2)$ ($\sigma>3$) such that…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-07-11 Jacob Bedrossian , Mickaël Latocca

Assume that there is a free group action of automorphisms on a bipartite graph. If there is a perfect matching on the factor graph, then obviously there is a perfect matching on the graph. Surprisingly, the reversed is also true for…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2016-07-26 Jan Fricke

Following the thread of R. Gastmans, S. L. Wu and T. T. Wu, the calculation in the unitary gauge for the $H \to \gamma \gamma$ process via one W loop is repeated, but without the specific choice of the independent loop momentum for the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-05-24 Shi-Yuan Li , Zong-Guo Si , Xiao-Feng Zhang

We define a $\mathbb{Z}_2$-valued invariant for transversely-intersecting coassociative $4$-folds equipped with spin structures. Our main result shows this invariant provides an obstruction to separating two such coassociatives through a…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2025-10-21 Dylan Galt

Double triangle expansion is an operation on $4$-regular graphs with at least one triangle which replaces a triangle with two triangles in a particular way. We study the class of graphs which can be obtained by repeated double triangle…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-04-16 Mohamed Laradji , Marni Mishna , Karen Yeats

In this paper, we study the most basic domination invariants in graphs, in which number 2 is intrinsic part of their definitions. We classify them upon three criteria, two of which give the following previously studied invariants: the weak…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-04-04 Flavia Bonomo , Bostjan Bresar , Luciano N. Grippo , Martin Milanic , Martin D. Safe