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Many large decentralized systems rely on information propagation to ensure their proper function. We examine a common scenario in which only participants that are aware of the information can compete for some reward, and thus informed…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-06-10 Moshe Babaioff , Shahar Dobzinski , Sigal Oren , Aviv Zohar

This paper puts a new light on secure data storage inside distributed systems. Specifically, it revisits computational secret sharing in a situation where the encryption key is exposed to an attacker. It comes with several contributions:…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Katarzyna Kapusta , Gerard Memmi , Matthieu Rambaud

We analyze bribing attacks in Proof-of-Stake distributed ledgers from a game theoretic perspective. In bribing attacks, an adversary offers participants a reward in exchange for instructing them how to behave, with the goal of attacking the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Dimitris Karakostas , Aggelos Kiayias , Thomas Zacharias

In this paper we explore several contexts where an adversary has an upper hand over the defender by using special hardware in an attack. These include password processing, hard-drive protection, cryptocurrency mining, resource sharing, code…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-01-31 Alex Biryukov , Dmitry Khovratovich

The evaluation of logic locking methods has long been predicated on an implicit assumption that only the correct key can unveil the true functionality of a protected circuit. Consequently, a locking technique is deemed secure if it resists…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Yinghua Hu , Hari Cherupalli , Mike Borza , Deepak Sherlekar

We discuss a new attack, termed a dimension or linear decomposition attack, on several known group-based cryptosystems. This attack gives a polynomial time deterministic algorithm that recovers the secret shared key from the public data in…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2015-06-18 Vitaliǐ Roman'kov , Alexei Myasnikov

We provide a general methodology for analyzing defender-attacker based "games" in which we model such games as Markov models and introduce a capacity region to analyze how defensive and adversarial strategies impact security. Such a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-08 Saeed Valizadeh , Marten van Dijk

The mining of bitcoin is modeled using system dynamics, showing that the past evolution of the network hash rate can be explained to a large extent by an efficient market hypothesis applied to the mining of blocks. The possibility of a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Davide Lasi , Lukas Saul

Although system administrators are frequently urged to protect the machines in their network, the fact remains that the decision to protect is far from universal. To better understand this decision, we formulate a decision-theoretic model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-03-15 C. F. Larry Heimann , Alan Nochenson

Despite the fact that it is publicly available, collecting and processing the full bitcoin blockchain data is not trivial. Its mere size, history, and other features indeed raise quite specific challenges, that we address in this paper. The…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Jules Azad Emery , Matthieu Latapy

Bitcoin-NG is among the first blockchain protocols to approach the \emph{near-optimal} throughput by decoupling blockchain operation into two planes: leader election and transaction serialization. Its decoupling idea has inspired a new…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Jianyu Niu , Ziyu Wang , Fangyu Gai , Chen Feng

Payment channel networks provide a fast and scalable solution to relay funds, acting as a second layer to slower and less scalable blockchain protocols. In this paper, we present an accessible, low-cost attack in which the attacker…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Ayelet Mizrahi , Aviv Zohar

Proof-of-Work (PoW) is a popular consensus protocol used by Bitcoin since its inception. PoW has the well-known flaw of assigning all the reward to the single miner (or pool) that inserts the new block. This has the consequence of making…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Danilo Bazzanella , Andrea Gangemi

Mining pools, the main components of the Bitcoin network, dominate the computing resources and play essential roles in network security and performance aspects. Although many existing measurements of the Bitcoin network are available,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-22 Canhui Wang , Xiaowen Chu , Qin Yang

We design and validate new block propagation protocols for the peer-to-peer (P2P) network of the Bitcoin blockchain. Despite its strong protection for security and privacy, the current Bitcoin blockchain can only support a low number of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Lihao Zhang , Taotao Wang , Soung Chang Liew

We correct the double spend race analysis given in Nakamoto's foundational Bitcoin article and give a closed-form formula for the probability of success of a double spend attack using the Regularized Incomplete Beta Function. We give a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-07 Cyril Grunspan , Ricardo Pérez-Marco

This discussion applies quantitative finance methods and economic arguments to cryptocurrencies in general and bitcoin in particular -- as there are about $10,000$ cryptocurrencies, we focus (unless otherwise specified) on the most…

General Economics · Economics 2021-07-06 Nassim Nicholas Taleb

Bitcoin was recently introduced as a peer-to-peer electronic currency in order to facilitate transactions outside the traditional financial system. The core of Bitcoin, the Blockchain, is the history of the transactions in the system…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-05-04 Siamak Solat , Maria Potop-Butucaru

There had been well known claims of unconditionally secure quantum protocols for bit commitment. However, we, and independently Mayers, showed that all proposed quantum bit commitment schemes are, in principle, insecure because the sender,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 H. -K. Lo , H. F. Chau

Today, Internet communication security has become more complex as technology becomes faster and more efficient, especially for resource-limited devices such as embedded devices, wireless sensors, and radio frequency identification (RFID)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-26 Behrooz Khadem , Hamid Ghanbari , Amin Masoumi souteh