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The deployment of Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) in high-stakes decision-making pipelines has introduced a novel and opaque attack surface: reasoning backdoors. In these attacks, the model's intermediate Chain-of-Thought (CoT) is manipulated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Zhen Guo , Shanghao Shi , Hao Li , Shamim Yazdani , Ning Zhang , Reza Tourani

Diffusion language models (DLMs) have recently emerged as an alternative modeling paradigm to autoregressive (AR) language models, enabling parallel generation and bidirectional context modeling. Yet their security implications,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Shengfang Zhai , Xiaoyang Ji , Yuling Shi , Haoran Gao , Fanyu Meng , Yan Zeng , Yuejian Fang , Yinpeng Dong , Jiaheng Zhang

Modeling fuzziness and imprecision in human rating data is a crucial problem in many research areas, including applied statistics, behavioral, social, and health sciences. Because of the interplay between cognitive, affective, and…

Applications · Statistics 2022-01-27 Antonio Calcagnì , Niccolò Cao , Enrico Rubaltelli , Luigi Lombardi

Among the many software vulnerability discovery techniques available today, fuzzing has remained highly popular due to its conceptual simplicity, its low barrier to deployment, and its vast amount of empirical evidence in discovering…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-09 Valentin J. M. Manes , HyungSeok Han , Choongwoo Han , Sang Kil Cha , Manuel Egele , Edward J. Schwartz , Maverick Woo

Software effort estimation at early stages of project development holds great significance for the industry to meet the competitive demands of today's world. Accuracy, reliability and precision in the estimates of effort are quite…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2010-04-20 Vishal Sharma , Harsh Kumar Verma

Safe Reinforcement Learning (RL) is crucial for achieving high performance while ensuring safety in real-world applications. However, the complex interplay of multiple uncertainty sources in real environments poses significant challenges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Xu Wan , Chao Yang , Cheng Yang , Jie Song , Mingyang Sun

Trustworthiness especially for service oriented system is very important topic now a day in IT field of the whole world. Certain Trust Model depends on some certain values given by experts and developers. Here, main parameters for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-03-05 Kawser Wazed Nafi , Tonny Shekha kar , Amjad Hossain , M. M. A Hashem

Todays industrial control systems consist of tightly coupled components allowing adversaries to exploit security attack surfaces from the information technology side, and, thus, also get access to automation devices residing at the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Mukund Bhole , Wolfgang Kastner , Thilo Sauter

As a key technology in 6G research, federated learning (FL) enables collaborative learning among multiple clients while ensuring individual data privacy. However, malicious attackers among the participating clients can intentionally tamper…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Hangn Su , Jianhong Zhou , Xianhua Niu , Gang Feng

The rapid advancement of Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) introduces unprecedented vulnerabilities that are fundamentally distinct from Autoregressive LLMs, stemming from their iterative and parallel generation mechanisms. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Zherui Li , Zheng Nie , Zhenhong Zhou , Yue Liu , Yitong Zhang , Yu Cheng , Qingsong Wen , Kun Wang , Yufei Guo , Jiaheng Zhang

Entity resolution plays a significant role in enterprise systems where data integrity must be rigorously maintained. Traditional methods often struggle with handling noisy data or semantic understanding, while modern methods suffer from…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Mohammadreza Sharifi , Danial Ahmadzadeh

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed across diverse domains, yet their vulnerability to jailbreak attacks, where adversarial inputs bypass safety mechanisms to elicit harmful outputs, poses significant security risks.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Qingchao Shen , Zibo Xiao , Lili Huang , Enwei Hu , Yongqiang Tian , Junjie Chen

This paper introduces a novel approach for the automated selection of software protections to mitigate MATE risks against critical assets within software applications. We formalize the key elements involved in protection decision-making -…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Daniele Canavese , Leonardo Regano , Bjorn De Sutter , Cataldo Basile

Fuzzing is a popular dynamic program analysis technique used to find vulnerabilities in complex software. Fuzzing involves presenting a target program with crafted malicious input designed to cause crashes, buffer overflows, memory errors,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Mohit Rajpal , William Blum , Rishabh Singh

Fuzzing is a widely used software security testing technique that is designed to identify vulnerabilities in systems by providing invalid or unexpected input. Continuous fuzzing systems like OSS-FUZZ have been successful in finding security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Chaitanya Rahalkar

There is a lack of formal risk management techniques in agile software development methods Scrum. The need to manage risks in agile project management is also identified by various authors. Authors of this paper conducted a survey to find…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-02-17 Martin Tomanek , Jan Juricek

There has been a significant amount of research into spreadsheets over the last two decades. Errors in spreadsheets are well documented. Once used mainly for simple functions such as logging, tracking and totalling information, spreadsheets…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Mukul Madahar , Pat Cleary , David Ball

LLM-enabled applications are rapidly reshaping the software ecosystem by using large language models as core reasoning components for complex task execution. This paradigm shift, however, introduces fundamentally new reliability challenges…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Yedi Zhang , Haoyu Wang , Xianglin Yang , Jin Song Dong , Jun Sun

Cloud computing is the technology that provides different types of services as a useful resource on the Internet. Resource trust value will help the cloud users to select the services of a cloud provider for processing and storing their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-05 Abhishek Kesarwani , Pabitra Mohan Khilar

Fuzz testing, or fuzzing, has become one of the de facto standard techniques for bug finding in the software industry. In general, fuzzing provides various inputs to the target program to discover unhandled exceptions and crashes. In…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Yifan Wang , Yuchen Zhang , Chengbin Pang , Peng Li , Nikolaos Triandopoulos , Jun Xu
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