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Learning high-performance control policies that remain consistent with expert behavior is a fundamental challenge in robotics. Reinforcement learning can discover high-performing strategies but often departs from desirable human behavior,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Siwei Ju , Jan Tauberschmidt , Oleg Arenz , Peter van Vliet , Jan Peters

Autoregressive and diffusion models represent two complementary generative paradigms. Autoregressive models excel at sequential planning and constraint composition, yet struggle with tasks that require explicit spatial or physical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Mu Yuan , Liekang Zeng , Guoliang Xing , Lan Zhang , Yunhao Liu

We present a novel intrinsically motivated agent that learns how to control the environment in the fastest possible manner by optimizing learning progress. It learns what can be controlled, how to allocate time and attention, and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Sebastian Blaes , Marin Vlastelica Pogančić , Jia-Jie Zhu , Georg Martius

High-level reasoning can be defined as the capability to generalize over knowledge acquired via experience, and to exhibit robust behavior in novel situations. Such form of reasoning is a basic skill in humans, who seamlessly use it in a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Alessandro Oltramari

We explore a method for improving the performance of large language models through self-reflection and reinforcement learning. By incentivizing the model to generate better self-reflections when it answers incorrectly, we demonstrate that a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Shelly Bensal , Umar Jamil , Christopher Bryant , Melisa Russak , Kiran Kamble , Dmytro Mozolevskyi , Muayad Ali , Waseem AlShikh

In this work, a conceptual bio-inspired parallel and distributed learning framework for the emergence of general intelligence is proposed, where agents evolve through environmental rewards and learn throughout their lifetime without…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Sidney Pontes-Filho , Stefano Nichele

Recently, slow-thinking reasoning systems, such as o1, have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in solving complex reasoning tasks. These systems typically engage in an extended thinking process before responding to a query, allowing them…

Recurrent neural networks with differentiable attention mechanisms have had success in generative and classification tasks. We show that the classification performance of such models can be enhanced by guiding a randomly initialized model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-18 Jack Lindsey

Modern Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown rapid improvements in reasoning capabilities, driven largely by reinforcement learning (RL) with verifiable rewards. Here, we ask whether these LLMs can self-improve without the need for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Yufan Zhuang , Chandan Singh , Liyuan Liu , Yelong Shen , Dinghuai Zhang , Jingbo Shang , Jianfeng Gao , Weizhu Chen

Machine learning systems perform well on pattern matching tasks, but their ability to perform algorithmic or logical reasoning is not well understood. One important reasoning capability is algorithmic extrapolation, in which models trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Arpit Bansal , Avi Schwarzschild , Eitan Borgnia , Zeyad Emam , Furong Huang , Micah Goldblum , Tom Goldstein

In this paper we propose a data-driven distributionally robust Model Predictive Control framework for constrained stochastic systems with unbounded additive disturbances. Recursive feasibility is ensured by optimizing over an linearly…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-07 Christoph Mark , Steven Liu

This paper investigates whether contemporary AI architectures employing deep recursion, meta-learning, and self-referential mechanisms provide evidence of machine consciousness. Integrating philosophical history, cognitive science, and AI…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-04 Llewellin RG Jegels

In imitation and reinforcement learning, the cost of human supervision limits the amount of data that robots can be trained on. An aspirational goal is to construct self-improving robots: robots that can learn and improve on their own, from…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Archit Sharma , Ahmed M. Ahmed , Rehaan Ahmad , Chelsea Finn

Biological systems perform complex multi-step processes in a reproducible way despite underlying stochasticity. The standard explanation is micromanagement by molecular machinery that recognizes and corrects specific errors. Here we study…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-14 Riccardo Ravasio , Kabir Husain , Constantine G. Evans , Rob Phillips , Marco Ribezzi-Crivellari , Jack W. Szostak , Arvind Murugan

When humans perform everyday tasks, we naturally adjust our actions based on the current state of the environment. For instance, if we intend to put something into a drawer but notice it is closed, we open it first. However, many autonomous…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Che Rin Yu , Daewon Chae , Dabin Seo , Sangwon Lee , Hyeongwoo Im , Jinkyu Kim

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has significantly enhanced the capabilities of AI-driven agents across various tasks. However, existing agentic systems, whether based on fixed pipeline algorithms or pre-defined…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Xunjian Yin , Xinyi Wang , Liangming Pan , Li Lin , Xiaojun Wan , William Yang Wang

A model of an organism as an autonomous intelligent system has been proposed. This model was used to analyze learning of an organism in various environmental conditions. Processes of learning were divided into two types: strong and weak…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Alexey V. Melkikh

The design of intelligent materials often draws parallels with the complex adaptive behaviors of biological organisms, where robust functionality stems from sophisticated hierarchical organization and emergent long-distance coordination…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-11-13 Vladimir A. Baulin , Rudolf M. Füchslin , Achille Giacometti , Helmut Hauser , Marco Werner

Reinforcement learning faces significant challenges when applied to tasks characterized by sparse reward structures. Although imitation learning, within the domain of supervised learning, offers faster convergence, it relies heavily on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Zeqiang Zhang , Fabian Wurzberger , Gerrit Schmid , Sebastian Gottwald , Daniel A. Braun

Achieving advanced machine intelligence remains a central challenge in AI research, often approached through scaling neural architectures and generative models. However, biological systems offer a broader repertoire of strategies for…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-26 Giovanni Pezzulo , Michael Levin