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Introducing such a notion as a "excitation of physical vacuum" we do an attempt to explain some strange experimental facts such as large value of $\sigma$-term measured in pion-nucleon low energy scattering, $\Delta T=1/2$ rule in kaon two…
The periodic changes in physical and chemical properties of the chemical elements is caused by the periodic change of the ionization energies. The ionization energy of each element is constant and this manifests itself in the periodic…
All-atom simulations can provide molecular-level insights into the dynamics of gas-phase, condensed-phase and surface processes. One important requirement is a sufficiently realistic and detailed description of the underlying intermolecular…
We show how to prepare a single molecular ion in a specific internal quantum state in a situation where the molecule is trapped and sympathetically cooled by an atomic ion and where its internal degrees of freedom are initially in thermal…
Photoluminescence (PL) properties of materials containing transition-metal ions depend on a variety of structural factors such as electronic structure, site symmetry and neighbouring atoms. These factors play a crucial role for the…
Heat and work are fundamental concepts for thermodynamical systems. When these are scaled down to the quantum level they require appropriate embeddings. Here we show that the dependence of the particle spectrum on system size giving rise to…
It is shown that the translational degrees of freedom of a large variety of molecules, from light diatomic to heavy organic ones, can be cooled sympathetically and brought to rest (crystallized) in a linear Paul trap. The method relies on…
This paper reviews the new highly interdisciplinary research field studying the behavior of condensed matter systems exposed to radiation. The paper highlights several relevant examples of recent advances in the field and provides a roadmap…
The behavior of electrolyte solutions close to a charged surface is studied theoretically. A modified Poisson-Boltzmann equation which takes into account the volume excluded by the ions in addition to the electrostatic interactions is…
We prove two equilibrium properties of a system of interacting atoms in three or higher dimensional continuous space. (i) If the particles interact via pair potentials of a nonnegative Fourier transform, their self-organization into…
We review a number of experiments and theoretical calculations on heavy ions and exotic atoms, which aim at providing informations on fundamental interactions. Among those are propositions of experiments for parity violation measurements in…
Ion Coulomb crystals are ordered structures formed by laser-cooled ions in traps that are characterized by interparticle distances of several micrometers and energy scales on the order of $\mu$eV. Their crystalline structure emerges from…
We present numerical results demonstrating the possibility of thermalization of single-particle observables in a one-dimensional integrable system (a quasicondensate of ultra-cold, weakly-interacting bosonic atoms being studied as a…
The extraordinary success in laser cooling, trapping, and coherent manipulation of atoms has energized the efforts in extending this exquisite control to molecules. Not only are molecules ubiquitous in nature, but the control of their…
Cooperative spontaneous emission of a single photon from a cloud of N atoms modifies substantially the radiation pressure exerted by a far-detuned laser beam exciting the atoms. On one hand, the force induced by photon absorption depends on…
Quantum mechanical tunneling of atoms is increasingly found to play an important role in many chemical transformations. Experimentally, atom-tunneling can be indirectly detected by temperature-independent rate constants at low temperature…
For realistic crystals, the free energy strictly formulated in ensemble theory can hardly be obtained because of the difficulty in solving the high-dimension integral of the partition function, the dilemma of which makes it even a doubt if…
Colloidal particles are often seen as big atoms that can be directly observed in real space. They are therefore playing an increasingly important role as model systems to study processes of interest in condensed matter physics such as…
A realistic description of partially-ionized matter in extreme thermodynamic states is critical to model the interior and evolution of the multiplicity of high-density astrophysical objects. Current predictions of its essential property,…
Using a combination of semiclassical and recently developed wave packet propagation techniques we find the quantum self-ionization process of highly excited ions moving in magnetic fields which has its origin in the energy transfer from the…