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This work aims to explore and identify tiny and seemingly unrelated perturbations of images in object detection that will lead to performance degradation. While tininess can naturally be defined using $L_p$ norms, we characterize the degree…
The rise of machine learning has brought closer scrutiny to intelligent systems, leading to calls for greater transparency and explainable algorithms. We explore the effects of transparency on user perceptions of a working intelligent…
In imitation learning, imitators and demonstrators are policies for picking actions given past interactions with the environment. If we run an imitator, we probably want events to unfold similarly to the way they would have if the…
Information theoretic leakage metrics quantify the amount of information about a private random variable $X$ that is leaked through a correlated revealed variable $Y$. They can be used to evaluate the privacy of a system in which an…
Public observation logic (POL) is a variant of dynamic epistemic logic to reason about agent expectations and agent observations. Agents have certain expectations, regarding the situation at hand, that are actuated by the relevant…
In the modeling, monitoring, and control of complex networks, a fundamental problem concerns the comprehensive determination of the state of the system from limited measurements. Using power grids as example networks, we show that this…
The classical notions of structural controllability and structural observability are receiving increasing attention in Network Science, since they provide a mathematical basis to answer how the network structure of a dynamic system affects…
Recent work has shown that LLMs can sometimes detect when steering vectors are injected into their residual stream and identify the injected concept -- a phenomenon termed "introspective awareness." We investigate the mechanisms underlying…
A property of a system is called actual, if the observation of the test that pertains to that property, yields an affirmation with certainty. We formalize the act of observation by assuming that the outcome correlates with the state of the…
We define an extension of lambda-calculus with dependents types that enables us to encode transparent and opaque probabilistic programs and prove a strong normalisation result for it by a reducibility technique. While transparent…
We introduce a new decentralized observation condition which we call "at least one can tell" (OCT) and which attempts to capture the idea that for any possible behavior that a system can generate, at least one decentralized observation…
We propose a measurement framework for difficult-to-access contexts that uses indirect data traces, interpretable machine-learning models, and theory-guided triangulation to fill inaccessible measurement spaces. Many high-stakes systems of…
The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel perspective, based on Willems' "behavior theory", on the design of an unknown-input observer for a given linear time-invariant discrete-time state-space model, with unknown disturbances…
In empirical studies, the data usually don't include all the variables of interest in an economic model. This paper shows the identification of unobserved variables in observations at the population level. When the observables are distinct…
Noninterference is a popular semantic security condition because it offers strong end-to-end guarantees, it is inherently compositional, and it can be enforced using a simple security type system. Unfortunately, it is too restrictive for…
With the proliferation of communication networks and mobile devices, the privacy and security concerns on their information flow are raised. Given a critical system that may leak confidential information, the problem consists of verifying…
This study investigates the relationship between resilience of control systems to attacks and the information available to malicious attackers. Specifically, it is shown that control systems are guaranteed to be secure in an asymptotic…
Transactional memory is a mechanism that manages thread synchronisation on behalf of a programmer so that blocks of code execute with an illusion of atomicity. The main safety criterion for transactional memory is opacity, which defines…
New quantum private database (with N elements) query protocols are presented and analyzed. Protocols preserve O(logN) communication complexity of known protocols for the same task, but achieve several significant improvements in security,…
In this paper, we present a collection of results on the observability of quantum mechanical systems, in the case the output is the result of a discrete nonselective measurement. By defining an effective observable we extend previous…