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To implement a set of universal quantum logic gates based on non-Abelian geometric phases, it is a conventional wisdom that quantum systems beyond two levels are required, which is extremely difficult to fulfil for superconducting qubits,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-12 Zheng-Yuan Xue , Jian Zhou , Z. D. Wang

Node embeddings act as the information interface for graph neural networks, yet their empirical impact is often reported under mismatched backbones, splits, and training budgets. This paper provides a controlled benchmark of embedding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Nouhaila Innan , Antonello Rosato , Alberto Marchisio , Muhammad Shafique

Which gates are universal for quantum computation? Although it is well known that certain gates on two-level quantum systems (qubits), such as the controlled-not (CNOT), are universal when assisted by arbitrary one-qubit gates, it has only…

Data encoding plays a fundamental and distinctive role in Quantum Machine Learning (QML). While classical approaches process data directly as vectors, QML may require transforming classical data into quantum states through encoding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-11 Orlane Zang , Grégoire Barrué , Tony Quertier

Efficient encoding of classical data into quantum state -- currently referred to as quantum encoding -- holds crucial significance in quantum computation. For finite-size databases and qubit registers, a common strategy of the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-05 Jaehee Kim , Taewan Kim , Kyunghyun Baek , Yongsoo Hwang , Joonsuk Huh , Jeongho Bang

Neural codes serve as a language for neurons in the brain. Convex codes, which arise from the pattern of intersections of convex sets in Euclidean space, are of particular relevance to neuroscience. Not every code is convex, however, and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-05-31 Joshua Cruz , Chad Giusti , Vladimir Itskov , Bill Kronholm

We adopt a method of the quantum gate teleportation for converting circuit-based quantum computation primitives into fusion networks. By using the presented scheme for the CNOT gate we construct translation of the circuit for the foliated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-11 Ashot Avanesov , Alexander Shurinov , Ivan Dyakonov , Stanislav Straupe

Motivated by problems arising in the complex analysis of perturbative quantum field theory, we investigate the homology of finite unions of certain non-degenerate quadratic affine hypersurfaces of complex dimension $n$ in general position.…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2022-11-15 Maximilian Mühlbauer

Quantum supermaps provide a framework in which higher order quantum processes can act on lower order quantum processes. In doing so, they enable the definition and analysis of new quantum protocols and causal structures. Recently, key…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-16 Matt Wilson , Giulio Chiribella

A new class of space time codes with high performance is presented. The code design utilizes tailor-made permutation codes, which are known to have large minimal distances as spherical codes. A geometric connection between spherical and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Oliver Henkel

Executing a logical quantum circuit fault-tolerantly incurs a large spacetime overhead. Recent work has proposed and investigated phantom codes, defined by the property that every in-block logical $\mathrm{CNOT}$ circuit can be implemented…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-17 Arthur S. Morris , Daniel Malz

We construct linear codes over the finite field Fq from arbitrary simplicial complexes, establishing a connection between topological properties and fundamental coding parameters. First, we study the behaviour of the weights of codewords…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Antonio Jesús Lorite López , Daniel Camazón Portela , Juan Antonio López Ramos

We introduce the concept of generalized concatenated quantum codes. This generalized concatenation method provides a systematical way for constructing good quantum codes, both stabilizer codes and nonadditive codes. Using this method, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-05-24 Markus Grassl , Peter Shor , Graeme Smith , John Smolin , Bei Zeng

We show how good quantum error-correcting codes can be constructed using generalized concatenation. The inner codes are quantum codes, the outer codes can be linear or nonlinear classical codes. Many new good codes are found, including both…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-06-01 Markus Grassl , Peter W. Shor , Bei Zeng

A quantum code is a subspace of a Hilbert space of a physical system chosen to be correctable against a given class of errors, where information can be encoded. Ideally, the quantum code lies within the ground space of the physical system.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-16 Yingkai Ouyang

A neighborhood homotopy is an equivalence relation on spatial graphs which is generated by crossing changes on the same component and neighborhood equivalence. We give a complete classification of all 2-component spatial graphs up to…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2020-05-19 Atsuhiko Mizusawa , Ryo Nikkuni

While quantum architectures are still under development, when available, they will only be able to process quantum data when machine learning algorithms can only process numerical data. Therefore, in the issues of classification or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Rafal Potempa , Sebastian Porebski

In efforts to scale the size of quantum computers, modularity plays a central role across most quantum computing technologies. In the light of fault tolerance, this necessitates designing quantum error-correcting codes that are compatible…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-16 Armands Strikis , Lucas Berent

In this paper, we propose several constructions of Locally Recoverable Codes from elliptic surfaces. In particular, we are able to obtain codes with availability $t>2$, codes with hierarchical locality and, finally, codes which combine…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Elena Berardini , Andrea Fornetto

Quantum synchronizable codes are kinds of quantum error-correcting codes that can not only correct the effects of quantum noise on qubits but also the misalignment in block synchronization. In this paper, the quantum synchronizable codes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Tao Wang , Tongjiang Yan , Xueting Wang
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