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Sparse PCA is the optimization problem obtained from PCA by adding a sparsity constraint on the principal components. Sparse PCA is NP-hard and hard to approximate even in the single-component case. In this paper we settle the computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-10 Alberto Del Pia

This paper proposes an extension of principal component analysis for Gaussian process (GP) posteriors, denoted by GP-PCA. Since GP-PCA estimates a low-dimensional space of GP posteriors, it can be used for meta-learning, which is a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-04-07 Hideaki Ishibashi , Shotaro Akaho

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a classical method for dimensionality reduction based on extracting the dominant eigenvectors of the sample covariance matrix. However, PCA is well known to behave poorly in the ``large $p$, small $n$''…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-08-26 Arash A. Amini , Martin J. Wainwright

We propose a multiple imputation method based on principal component analysis (PCA) to deal with incomplete continuous data. To reflect the uncertainty of the parameters from one imputation to the next, we use a Bayesian treatment of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-08-20 Vincent Audigier , François Husson , Julie Josse

Principal component analysis (PCA) is recognised as a quintessential data analysis technique when it comes to describing linear relationships between the features of a dataset. However, the well-known sensitivity of PCA to non-Gaussian…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-28 Jean P. Chereau , Bruno Scalzo Dees , Danilo P. Mandic

Principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the most popular dimension reduction techniques in statistics and is especially powerful when a multivariate distribution is concentrated near a lower-dimensional subspace. Multivariate extreme…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-15 Felix Reinbott , Anja Janßen

The main objective of this work consists in analyzing sub-structuring method for the parallel solution of sparse linear systems with matrices arising from the discretization of partial differential equations such as finite element, finite…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-08-31 Abal-Kassim Cheik Ahamed , Frédéric Magoulès

Robust principal component analysis (RPCA) is a widely used technique for recovering low-rank structure from matrices with missing entries and sparse, possibly large-magnitude corruptions. Although numerous algorithms achieve accurate point…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-17 Liangliang Yuan , Lei Wang , Quan Kong , Liuhua Peng

In this paper, we consider a new variant for principal component analysis (PCA), aiming to capture the grouping and/or sparse structures of factor loadings simultaneously. To achieve these goals, we employ a non-convex truncated…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-14 Haiyan Jiang , Shanshan Qin , Oscar Hernan Madrid Padilla

Over the years, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has served as the baseline approach for dimensionality reduction in gene expression data analysis. It primary objective is to identify a subset of disease-causing genes from a vast pool of…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2023-06-13 Sean Cottrell , Rui Wang , Guowei Wei

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a commonly used tool for dimension reduction in analyzing high dimensional data; Multilinear Principal Component Analysis (MPCA) has the potential to serve the similar function for analyzing tensor…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2011-04-29 Hung Hung , Pei-Shien Wu , I-Ping Tu , Su-Yun Huang

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a powerful data reductionmethod for Structural Health Monitoring. However, its computa-tional cost and data memory footprint pose a significant challengewhen PCA has to run on limited capability…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-05-06 Alessio Burrello , Alex Marchioni , Davide Brunelli , Luca Benini

Generalized principal component analysis (GLM-PCA) facilitates dimension reduction of non-normally distributed data. We provide a detailed derivation of GLM-PCA with a focus on optimization. We also demonstrate how to incorporate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-08 F. William Townes

We propose a new data-driven method to select the optimal number of relevant components in Principal Component Analysis (PCA). This new method applies to correlation matrices whose time autocorrelation function decays more slowly than an…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2019-10-07 Anshul Verma , Pierpaolo Vivo , Tiziana Di Matteo

Sparse principal component analysis (PCA) improves interpretability of the classic PCA by introducing sparsity into the dimension-reduction process. Optimization models for sparse PCA, however, are generally non-convex, non-smooth and more…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-09 Lei Wang , Xin Liu , Yin Zhang

Principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the most powerful tools in machine learning. The simplest method for PCA, the power iteration, requires $\mathcal O(1/\Delta)$ full-data passes to recover the principal component of a matrix with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-07-11 Christopher De Sa , Bryan He , Ioannis Mitliagkas , Christopher Ré , Peng Xu

Given a sample covariance matrix, we examine the problem of maximizing the variance explained by a linear combination of the input variables while constraining the number of nonzero coefficients in this combination. This is known as sparse…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2010-12-24 Youwei Zhang , Alexandre d'Aspremont , Laurent El Ghaoui

Principal component analysis (PCA) requires the computation of a low-rank approximation to a matrix containing the data being analyzed. In many applications of PCA, the best possible accuracy of any rank-deficient approximation is at most a…

Computation · Statistics 2010-06-04 Vladimir Rokhlin , Arthur Szlam , Mark Tygert

We study distributed principal component analysis (PCA) in high-dimensional settings under the spiked model. In such regimes, sample eigenvectors can deviate significantly from population ones, introducing a persistent bias. Existing…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-29 Weiming Li , Zeng Li , Siyu Wang , Yanqing Yin , Junpeng Zhu

Incorporating covariates into functional principal component analysis (PCA) can substantially improve the representation efficiency of the principal components and predictive performance. However, many existing functional PCA methods do not…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-22 Fei Ding , Shiyuan He , David E. Jones , Jianhua Z. Huang