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As we replace conventional synchronous generators with renewable energy, the frequency security of power systems is at higher risk. This calls for a more careful consideration of unit commitment (UC) and primary frequency response (PFR)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-25 Bo Zhou , Ruiwei Jiang , Siqian Shen

In this paper, we present distributed controllers for sharing primary and secondary frequency control reserves for asynchronous AC transmission systems, which are connected through a multi-terminal HVDC grid. By using Lyapunov arguments,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-12-17 Martin Andreasson , Roger Wiget , Dimos V. Dimarogonas , Karl H. Johansson , Göran Andersson

Increasing penetration of Photovoltaic (PV) generation brings an opportunity, and sometimes necessity, for this new resource to provide ancillary services such as frequency support. Recent efforts toward this goal focused mainly on the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-28 Qinmiao Li , Mesut Baran

A new class of cost functionals for optimal control of quantum systems which produces controls which are sparse in frequency and smooth in time is proposed. This is achieved by penalizing a suitable time-frequency representation of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-07-15 Gero Friesecke , Felix Henneke , Karl Kunisch

The stability of AC power grids relies on ancillary services that mitigate frequency fluctuations. The electromechanical inertia of large synchronous generators is currently the only resource to absorb frequency disturbances on sub-second…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-21 Julian Fritzsch , Philippe Jacquod

Frequency control (FC) enables utility-scale grid-connected hybrid power plants (HPPs) to operate in compliance with grid code requirements while to capture value streams from provision of frequency control services (FCSs). In this paper, a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-05 Qian Long , Kaushik Das , Poul Sørensen

Interference management techniques are critical to the performance of heterogeneous cellular networks, which will have dense and overlapping coverage areas, and experience high levels of interference. Fractional frequency reuse (FFR) is an…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-12-06 Thomas D. Novlan , Radha Krishna Ganti , Arunabha Ghosh , Jeffrey G. Andrews

The global ambitions of a carbon-neutral society necessitate a stable and robust smart grid that capitalises on frequency reserves of renewable energy. Frequency reserves are resources that adjust power production or consumption in real…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Thimal Kempitiya , Seppo Sierla , Daswin De Silva , Matti Yli-Ojanpera , Damminda Alahakoon , Valeriy Vyatkin

Recently, frequency security is challenged by high uncertainty and low inertia in power system with high penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES). In the context of Unit Commitment (UC) problems, frequency security constraints…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-22 Zhuoxuan Li , Zhongda Chu , Fei Teng

Over the past years, the share of electricity production from wind power plants has increased to significant levels in several power systems across Europe and the United States. In order to cope with the fluctuating and partially…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-01-19 Line Roald , Sidhant Misra , Michael Chertkov , Scott Backhaus , Göran Andersson

Frequency restoration in power systems is conventionally performed by broadcasting a centralized signal to local controllers. As a result of the energy transition, technological advances, and the scientific interest in distributed control…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-13 Erieke Weitenberg , Yan Jiang , Changhong Zhao , Enrique Mallada , Claudio De Persis , Florian Dörfler

Combining revenue streams by providing multiple services with battery storage systems increases profitability and enhances the investment case. In this work, we present a novel optimisation and control framework that enables a storage…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-01-14 Jonas Engels , Bert Claessens , Geert Deconinck

This paper considers demand side management in smart power grid systems containing significant numbers of thermostatically controlled loads such as air conditioning systems, heat pumps, etc. Recent studies have shown that the overall power…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2013-02-14 Jan Bendtsen , Srinivas Sridharan

Power systems are subject to fundamental changes due to the increasing infeed of decentralised renewable energy sources and storage. The decentralised nature of the new actors in the system requires new concepts for structuring the power…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2020-04-22 Lia Strenge , Paul Schultz , Jürgen Kurths , Jörg Raisch , Frank Hellmann

A major challenge for power grids with a high share of renewable energy systems (RES), such as island grids, is to provide frequency stability in the face of renewable fluctuations. In this work we evaluate the ability of electric vehicles…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-08-14 Sabine Auer , Casper Roos , Jobst Heitzig , Frank Hellmann , Jürgen Kurths

The growing share of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in modern power systems increases both grid imbalances and frequency deviations, reinforcing the need for ancillary services such as Frequency Containment Reserve (FCR) and passive…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-26 Celle Hendrickx , Fabio Pavirani , Chris Develder

This paper proposes a novel control for Inverter-based Resources (IBRs) based on the Complex Frequency (CF) concept. The controller's objective is to maintain a constant CF of the voltage at the terminals of the IBR by adjusting its current…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-06 R. Bernal , F. Milano

This paper presents a real time control strategy for energy storage systems integration in electric vehicles fast charging applications combined with generation from intermittent renewable energy sources. A two steps approach taking…

In this paper we propose distributed dynamic controllers for sharing both frequency containment and restoration reserves of asynchronous AC systems connected through a multi-terminal HVDC (MTDC) grid. The communication structure of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-12-14 Martin Andreasson , Roger Wiget , Dimos V. Dimarogonas , Karl H. Johansson , Göran Andersson

This paper presents a novel frequency-responsive control scheme for demand-side resources, such as electric water heaters. A frequency-dependent control law is designed to provide damping from distributed energy resources (DERs) in a fully…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-14 Hani Mavalizadeh , Luis A. Duffaut Espinosa , Mads R. Almassalkhi