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Quantum characterization, verification, and validation (QCVV) is a set of techniques to probe, describe, and assess the behavior of quantum bits (qubits), quantum information-processing registers, and quantum computers. QCVV protocols probe…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-21 Robin Blume-Kohout , Timothy Proctor , Kevin Young

In recent times, many protocols have been proposed to provide security for various information and communication systems. Such protocols must be tested for their functional correctness before they are used in practice. Application of formal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-01-11 Suvansh Lal , Mohit Jain , Vikrant Chaplot

A reliable method for characterizing quantum operations that is suitable for improving and validating their accuracies is indispensable for realizing a practical quantum computer. Known methods are still not sufficient because they lack…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-25 Takanori Sugiyama , Shinpei Imori , Fuyuhiko Tanaka

We present a general formalism for quantum error-correcting codes that encode both classical and quantum information (the EACQ formalism). This formalism unifies the entanglement-assisted formalism and classical error correction, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-02-20 Isaac Kremsky , Min-Hsiu Hsieh , Todd A. Brun

Quantum technology promises revolutionary advantages in information processing and transmission compared to classical technology; however, determining which specific resources are needed to surpass the capabilities of classical machines…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-20 Yuxiang Yang , Giulio Chiribella , Gerardo Adesso

The power of quantum computers relies on the capability of their components to maintain faithfully and process accurately quantum information. Since this property eludes classical certification methods, fundamentally new protocols are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-07 Pavel Sekatski , Jean-Daniel Bancal , Sebastian Wagner , Nicolas Sangouard

Quantum computations are expressed in general as quantum circuits, which are specified by ordered lists of quantum gates. The resulting specifications are used during the optimisation and execution of the expressed computations. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-08 Alexandru Paler , Simon J. Devitt

Verification is a task to check whether a given quantum state is close to an ideal state or not. In this paper, we show that a variety of many-qubit quantum states can be verified with only sequential single-qubit measurements of Pauli…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-13 Yuki Takeuchi , Tomoyuki Morimae

The technologies of quantum information and quantum control are rapidly improving, but full exploitation of their capabilities requires complete characterization and assessment of processes that occur within quantum devices. We present a…

In this paper a system-oriented formalism of Quantum Information Processing is presented. Its form resembles that of standard signal processing, although further complexity is added in order to describe pure quantum-mechanical effects and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Marcos Curty , David J. Santos

We propose the Parity Flow formalism, a method for tracking the information flow in quantum circuits. This method adds labels to quantum circuit diagrams such that the action of Clifford gates can be understood as a recoding of quantum…

We perform formal verification of quantum circuits by integrating several techniques specialized to particular classes of circuits. Our verification methodology is based on the new notion of a reversible miter that allows one to leverage…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-01 Shigeru Yamashita , Igor L. Markov

This short note proposes a symbolic approach for representing and reasoning about quantum circuits using complex, vector or matrix-valued Boolean expressions. A major benefit of this approach is that it allows us to directly borrow the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-08 Mingsheng Ying , Zhengfeng Ji

Quantum communication and cryptographic protocols are well on the way to becoming an important practical technology. Although a large amount of successful research has been done on proving their correctness, most of this work does not make…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2011-08-03 Timothy A. S. Davidson , Simon J. Gay , Rajagopal Nagarajan

Analog quantum simulation is expected to be a significant application of near-term quantum devices. Verification of these devices without comparison to known simulation results will be an important task as the system size grows beyond the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-04 Ryan Shaffer , Eli Megidish , Joseph Broz , Wei-Ting Chen , Hartmut Häffner

We present the first protocol allowing a classical computer to interactively verify the result of an efficient quantum computation. We achieve this by constructing a measurement protocol, which enables a classical verifier to use a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-11 Urmila Mahadev

While feedback control has many applications in quantum systems, finding optimal control protocols for this task is generally challenging. So-called "verification theorems" and "viscosity solutions" provide two useful tools for this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Kurt Jacobs , Alireza Shabani

We study, by means of the stabilizer formalism, a quantum error correcting code which is alternative to the standard block codes since it embeds a qubit into a qudit. The code exploits the non-commutative geometry of discrete phase space to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 Carlo Cafaro , Federico Maiolini , Stefano Mancini

Verifying whether a quantum device produces a specific state is a fundamental task in many applications of modern quantum technologies. In the conventional framework of quantum state verification, designing an optimal or efficient protocol…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Xiaodi Li

Quantum computers are expected to offer substantial speedups over their classical counterparts and to solve problems that are intractable for classical computers. Beyond such practical significance, the concept of quantum computation opens…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-13 Stefanie Barz , Joseph F. Fitzsimons , Elham Kashefi , Philip Walther