Related papers: The theory of pulsar wind nebulae
Bow shock pulsar wind nebulae (BSPWNe) are know to show a large variety of shapes and morphologies, both when comparing different objects, and for the same object in different energy bands. It is unclear if such a variety is related to…
In recent years, it has become a well-established paradigm that many aspects of the physics of Pulsar Wind Nebulae (PWNe) can be fully accounted for within a relativistic MHD description. Numerical simulations have proven extremely…
The interaction between a pulsar wind nebula (PWN) and its host supernova remnant (SNR) can produce a vast array of observable structures. Asymmetry present within these structures derives from the complexity of the composite system, where…
A recent study by Posselt et al. (2017) reported the deepest X-ray investigation of the Geminga pulsar wind nebula (PWN) by using \emph{Chandra X-ray Observatory}. In comparison with previous studies of this system, a number of new findings…
We present first results of three dimensional relativistic magnetohydrodynamical simulations of Pulsar Wind Nebulae. They show that the kink instability and magnetic dissipation inside these nebulae may be the key processes allowing to…
Pulsar Wind Nebulae (PWNe) represent the most numerous population of TeV sources in our Galaxy. These sources, some of which emit very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-rays, are believed to be related to the young and energetic pulsars that power…
The evolution of a pulsar wind nebula (PWN) depends on properties of the progenitor star, supernova, and surrounding environment. As some of these quantities are difficult to measure, reproducing the observed dynamical properties and…
A review of recent observations of the kinematics of six objects that represent the broad range of phenomena called planetary nebulae (PNe) is presented. It is demonstrated that Hubble-type outflows are predominant, consequently it is…
In the last decade ground-based Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes have discovered roughly 30 pulsar wind nebulae at energies above 100 GeV. We present first results from a leptonic emission code that models the spectral energy…
Pulsar Wind Nebulae (PWNe) are key astrophysical laboratories for high energy phenomena. Specifically, radio observations and related polarimetry are essential probes to understand acceleration and transport, as well as PWN interaction with…
These notes summarise the contents of the lectures I delivered at the International School of Physics "Enrico Fermi" on "Foundations of Cosmic Ray Astrophysics". The lectures were dealing with the physics of Pulsars and Pulsar Wind Nebulae…
Based on time-dependent radiation-hydrodynamics simulations of the evolution of Planetary Nebulae (PNe), we have carried out a systematic parameter study to address the non-trivial question of how the diffuse X-ray emission of PNe with…
Several Pulsar Wind Nebulae (PWNe) have been detected in the TeV band in the last decade.The TeV emission is typically interpreted in a purely leptonic scenario, but this usually requires that the magnetic field in the Nebula be much lower…
Considerable progress has been made in understanding the hydrodynamics, but only to a certain extent the magnetohydrodynamics, of shaping bipolar outflows forming protoplanetary nebulae (PPNs) and planetary nebulae (PNs). In particular,…
I outline a new model of particle acceleration in the current sheet separating the closed from the open field lines in the force-free model of pulsar magnetospheres, based on reconnection at the light cylinder and "auroral" acceleration…
The status of numerical hydrodynamical models for Planetary Nebulae is reviewed. Since all of the numerical work is based on the interacting winds model, we start with a description of this model and give an overview of the early analytical…
Young pulsars produce relativistic winds which interact with matter ejected during the supernova explosion and the surrounding interstellar gas. Particles are accelerated to very high energies somewhere in the pulsar winds or at the shocks…
The hypothesis that pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) can significantly contribute to the excess of the positron ($e^+$) cosmic-ray flux has been consolidated after the observation of a $\gamma$-ray emission at TeV energies of a few degree size…
Planetary nebulae (PNe) are an exciting addition to the zoo of X-ray sources. Recent Chandra and XMM-Newton observations have detected diffuse X-ray emission from shocked fast winds in PN interiors as well as bow-shocks of fast collimated…
The traditional view of radio pulsar wind nebulae (PWN), encouraged by the Crab nebula's X-ray and radio morphologies, is that they are a result of the integrated history of their pulsars' wind. The radio emission should therefore be…