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Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) has been widely used to learn low-dimensional representations of data. However, NMF pays the same attention to all attributes of a data point, which inevitably leads to inaccurate representation. For…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Jiao Wei , Can Tong , Bingxue Wu , Qiang He , Shouliang Qi , Yudong Yao , Yueyang Teng

Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) methods offer an appealing unsupervised learning method for real-time analysis of streaming spectral data in time-sensitive data collection, such as $\textit{in situ}$ characterization of materials.…

Applied Physics · Physics 2024-06-12 Phillip M. Maffettone , Aidan C. Daly , Daniel Olds

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is a powerful technique for dimension reduction, extracting latent factors and learning part-based representation. For large datasets, NMF performance depends on some major issues: fast algorithms,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-07-01 Duy-Khuong Nguyen , Tu-Bao Ho

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is a widely used linear dimensionality reduction technique for nonnegative data. NMF requires that each data point is approximated by a convex combination of basis elements. Archetypal analysis (AA),…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-31 Pierre De Handschutter , Nicolas Gillis , Arnaud Vandaele , Xavier Siebert

In this paper, we introduce and provide a short overview of nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF). Several aspects of NMF are discussed, namely, the application in hyperspectral imaging, geometry and uniqueness of NMF solutions,…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2017-03-03 Nicolas Gillis

In nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF), minimum-volume-constrained NMF is a widely used framework for identifying the solution of NMF by making basis vectors as similar as possible. This typically induces sparsity in the coefficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Qianqian Qi , Zhongming Chen , Peter G. M. van der Heijden

There has been a recent critical need to study fairness and bias in machine learning (ML) algorithms. Since there is clearly no one-size-fits-all solution to fairness, ML methods should be developed alongside bias mitigation strategies that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Lara Kassab , Erin George , Deanna Needell , Haowen Geng , Nika Jafar Nia , Aoxi Li

In this paper we explore avenues for improving the reliability of dimensionality reduction methods such as Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) as interpretive exploratory data analysis tools. We first explore the difficulties of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2009-04-22 Nikolaos Vasiloglou , Alexander G. Gray , David V. Anderson

Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is a useful method to extract features from multivariate data, but an important and sometimes neglected concern is that NMF can result in non-unique solutions. Often, there exist a Set of Feasible…

Applications · Statistics 2021-01-20 Ragnhild Laursen , Asger Hobolth

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) has become a popular method for representing meaningful data by extracting a non-negative basis feature from an observed non-negative data matrix. Some of the unique features of this method in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-11-15 Sajad Fathi Hafshejani , Zahra Moaberfard

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is a prob- lem with many applications, ranging from facial recognition to document clustering. However, due to the variety of algorithms that solve NMF, the randomness involved in these algorithms,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-12-17 Connor Sell , Jeremy Kepner

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) has previously been shown to be a useful decomposition for multivariate data. We interpret the factorization in a new way and use it to generate missing attributes from test data. We provide a joint…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2010-07-05 Mithun Das Gupta

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is a powerful tool for data mining. However, the emergence of `big data' has severely challenged our ability to compute this fundamental decomposition using deterministic algorithms. This paper…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-05-02 N. Benjamin Erichson , Ariana Mendible , Sophie Wihlborn , J. Nathan Kutz

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is a dimensionality reduction technique which tends to produce a sparse representation of data. Commonly, the error between the actual and recreated matrices is used as an objective function, but this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-06 Steven Squires , Adam Prugel Bennett , Mahesan Niranjan

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is a popular dimension reduction technique that produces interpretable decomposition of the data into parts. However, this decompostion is not generally identifiable (even up to permutation and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-04-05 W. Pan , F. Doshi-Velez

Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is an unsupervised learning algorithm that produces a linear, parts-based approximation of a data matrix. NMF constructs a nonnegative low rank basis matrix and a nonnegative low rank matrix of weights…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-08 Matthew Corsetti , Ernest Fokoué

Audio inpainting, i.e., the task of restoring missing or occluded audio signal samples, usually relies on sparse representations or autoregressive modeling. In this paper, we propose to structure the spectrogram with nonnegative matrix…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-06 Ondřej Mokrý , Paul Magron , Thomas Oberlin , Cédric Févotte

Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is a widely used dimension reduction method that factorizes a non-negative data matrix into two lower dimensional non-negative matrices: One is the basis or feature matrix which consists of the…

Applications · Statistics 2022-11-03 Yun Cai , Hong Gu , Toby Kenney

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is a powerful class of feature extraction techniques that has been successfully applied in many fields, namely in signal and image processing. Current NMF techniques have been limited to a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-01-26 Paul Honeine , Fei Zhu

Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is an unsupervised learning method offering low-rank representations across various domains such as audio processing, biomedical signal analysis, and image recognition. The incorporation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Yasaman Torabi , Shahram Shirani , James P. Reilly