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In this paper, we study modularity in the context of evolution algebras. Although this property has been previously considered, a complete description is still missing in several natural settings. In particular, we obtain a full…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2026-04-02 Manuel Ladra , Andrés Pérez-Rodríguez

In this paper we introduce a new species of evolution algebras that we call Cayley evolution algebras. We show that if a field $k$ contains sufficiently many elements (for example if $k$ is infinite) then every finite group $G$ is…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2023-03-10 Cristina Costoya , Vicente Muñoz , Alicia Tocino , Antonio Viruel

We introduce a class of algebras over a field $\mathbb{F}$ related to directed graphs in which all edges are labeled by nonzero elements of the field $\mathbb{F}$. If all labels are different from $1$, these algebras are axial algebras. We…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2026-03-05 Hans Cuypers

This short note provides positive answers to two conjectures of Camacho, Khudoyberdiyev, and Omirov on the classification of complete evolution algebras. Our approach is based on analysing the solution set of a generic non-linear polynomial…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2025-12-16 Xabier García-Martínez , Andrés Pérez-Rodríguez

In this paper, we introduce Volterra evolution algebras which are evolution algebras whose structural matrices are described by skew symmetric matrices. A main result of the present paper gives a connection between such kind of algebras…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2019-04-24 Izzat Qaralleh , Farrukh Mukhamedov

The group scheme of ternary automorphisms of a perfect finite dimensional evolution algebra A is computed. The main advantage of using group schemes is that it allows to apply the Lie functor to determine the Lie algebra of ternary…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2024-05-17 Candido Martin Gonzalez , Jacques Rabie , Juana Sanchez-Ortega

Let $G$ be a group. The directed endomorphism graph, $\dend(G)$ of $G$ is a directed graph with vertex set $G$ and there is a directed edge from the vertex $a$ to the vertex $b$ if $a \neq b$ and there exists an endomorphism on $G$ mapping…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-20 Midhuna V Ajith , Peter J Cameron , Mainak Ghosh , Aparna Lakshmanan S

In the present paper, every evolution algebra is endowed with Banach algebra norm. This together with the description of derivations and automorphisms of nilpotent evolution algebras, allows to investigated the set $\exp(Der(E))$. Moreover,…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2022-07-07 Farrukh Mukhamedov , Otabek Khakimov , Izzat Qaralleh

We develop the theory of linear evolution equations associated with the adjacency matrix of a graph, focusing in particular on infinite graphs of two kinds: uniformly locally finite graphs as well as locally finite line graphs. We discuss…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2018-07-26 Delio Mugnolo

The starting point of this work is that the class of evolution algebras over a fixed field is closed under tensor product. This arises questions about the inheritance of properties from the tensor product to the factors and conversely. For…

The leitmotiv of this paper is linking algebraic properties of an evolution algebra with combinatorial properties of the (possibly several) graphs that one can associate to the algebra. We link nondegeneracy, zero annihilator, absorption…

Evolution algebras are non-associative algebras. In this work we provide an extension of this class of algebras, in the context of Hilbert spaces, capable to deal with infinite-dimensional spaces. We illustrate the applicability of our…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2021-10-06 Sebastian J. Vidal , Paula Cadavid , Pablo M. Rodriguez

Recently, by A. Elduque and A. Labra a new technique and a type of an evolution algebra are introduced. Several nilpotent evolution algebras defined in terms of bilinear forms and symmetric endomorphisms are constructed. The technique then…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2017-11-15 B. A. Omirov , U. A. Rozikov , M. V. Velasco

We will study evolution algebras $A$ which are free modules of dimension $2$ over domains. Furthermore, we will assume that these algebras are perfect, that is $A^2=A$. We start by making some general considerations about algebras over…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2022-04-19 Yolanda Cabrera Casado , Dolores Martín Barquero , Cándido Martín González

We associate each endomorphism of a finite cyclic group with a digraph and study many properties of this digraph, including its adjacent matrix and automorphism group.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-08-16 Min Sha

In this paper we present a method for finding the absorbing radical of a finite-dimensional evolution algebra. Such a method consists of finding the acyclic vertices of an oriented graph associated with the algebra. The set of generators…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2023-06-28 Paula Cadavid , Tiago Reis , Mary Luz Rodiño

We introduce \emph{expander evolution algebras} (EEAs), a class of nonassociative algebras defined over an arbitrary field $\K$ in which the underlying undirected loopless graph of the algebra -- in the sense of Kowalski -- is an expander…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2026-05-14 Piero Giacomelli

Monographs are graph-like structures with directed edges of unlimited length that are freely adjacent to each other. The standard nodes are represented as edges of length zero. They can be drawn in a way consistent with standard graphs and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Thierry Boy de la Tour

The paper is devoted to give a complete classification of five-dimension nilpotent evolution algebras over an algebraically closed field. We obtained a list of 27 isolated non-isomorphic nilpotent evolution algebras and 2 families of…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2015-09-01 A. S. Hegazi , Hani Abdelwahab

In this paper we introduce a new invariant for a non-degenerate evolution algebra, which consists of an ordered sequence of evolution algebras of lower dimension, belonging all of them to a specific family. We use this invariant to propose…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2024-03-29 Antonio Jesús Calderón Martín , Amir Fernández Ouaridi , Ivan Kaygorodov