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We study density estimation in Kullback-Leibler divergence: given an i.i.d. sample from an unknown density $p^\star$, the goal is to construct an estimator $\widehat{p}$ such that $\mathrm{KL}(p^\star,\widehat{p})$ is small with high…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-03 Spencer Compton , Gábor Lugosi , Jaouad Mourtada , Jian Qian , Nikita Zhivotovskiy

This paper provides a unified perspective for the Kullback-Leibler (KL)-divergence and the integral probability metrics (IPMs) from the perspective of maximum likelihood density-ratio estimation (DRE). Both the KL-divergence and the IPMs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Masahiro Kato , Masaaki Imaizumi , Kentaro Minami

We tackle the problem of high-dimensional nonparametric density estimation by taking the class of log-concave densities on $\mathbb{R}^p$ and incorporating within it symmetry assumptions, which facilitate scalable estimation algorithms and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-03-15 Min Xu , Richard J. Samworth

We consider the problem of estimating probability density functions based on sample data, using a finite mixture of densities from some component class. To this end, we introduce the $h$-lifted Kullback--Leibler (KL) divergence as a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-24 Mark Chiu Chong , Hien Duy Nguyen , TrungTin Nguyen

Maximum Likelihood Estimators (MLE) has many good properties. For example, the asymptotic variance of MLE solution attains equality of the asymptotic Cram{\'e}r-Rao lower bound (efficiency bound), which is the minimum possible variance for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-11-05 Song Liu , Takafumi Kanamori , Wittawat Jitkrittum , Yu Chen

In a regular full exponential family, the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) need not exist in the traditional sense. However, the MLE may exist in the completion of the exponential family. Existing algorithms for finding the MLE in the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-11-30 Daniel J. Eck , Charles J. Geyer

For a parametric model of distributions, the closest distribution in the model to the true distribution located outside the model is considered. Measuring the closeness between two distributions with the Kullback-Leibler (K-L) divergence,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-14 Yo Sheena

Given a set of points $P\subset \mathbb{R}^{d}$ and a kernel $k$, the Kernel Density Estimate at a point $x\in\mathbb{R}^{d}$ is defined as $\mathrm{KDE}_{P}(x)=\frac{1}{|P|}\sum_{y\in P} k(x,y)$. We study the problem of designing a data…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-09-03 Moses Charikar , Paris Siminelakis

We propose a fast method with statistical guarantees for learning an exponential family density model where the natural parameter is in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space, and may be infinite-dimensional. The model is learned by fitting the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-15 Danica J. Sutherland , Heiko Strathmann , Michael Arbel , Arthur Gretton

We study empirical Bayes (EB) predictive density estimation in linear mixed models (LMMs) with large number of units, which induce a high dimensional random effects space. Focusing on Kullback Leibler (KL) risk minimization, we develop a…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-31 Abir Sarkar , Gourab Mukherjee , Keisuke Yano

This work makes two advances in the study of the (approximate) nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator (NPMLE) for exponential family mixture models. First, we develop a data-compression strategy that reduces the cost of repeated…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-22 Yan Zhang

We study the approximation of arbitrary distributions $P$ on $d$-dimensional space by distributions with log-concave density. Approximation means minimizing a Kullback--Leibler-type functional. We show that such an approximation exists if…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2011-10-17 Lutz Duembgen , Richard Samworth , Dominic Schuhmacher

We employ a parameter-free distribution estimation framework where estimators are random distributions and utilize the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence as a loss function. Wu and Vos [J. Statist. Plann. Inference 142 (2012) 1525-1536] show…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-09-21 Paul Vos , Qiang Wu

We investigate penalized maximum log-likelihood estimation for exponential family distributions whose natural parameter resides in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space. Key to our approach is a novel technique, doubly dual embedding, that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-25 Bo Dai , Hanjun Dai , Arthur Gretton , Le Song , Dale Schuurmans , Niao He

We study a non-parametric approach to multivariate density estimation. The estimators are piecewise constant density functions supported by binary partitions. The partition of the sample space is learned by maximizing the likelihood of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-08-21 Linxi Liu , Wing Hung Wong

This paper introduces a novel approach to probabilistic deep learning, kernel density matrices, which provide a simpler yet effective mechanism for representing joint probability distributions of both continuous and discrete random…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Fabio A. González , Raúl Ramos-Pollán , Joseph A. Gallego-Mejia

Distributed learning of probabilistic models from multiple data repositories with minimum communication is increasingly important. We study a simple communication-efficient learning framework that first calculates the local maximum…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-10-13 Qiang Liu , Alexander Ihler

We solve the problem of estimating the distribution of presumed i.i.d. observations for the total variation loss. Our approach is based on density models and is versatile enough to cope with many different ones, including some density…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-01-05 Y. Baraud , H. Halconruy , G. Maillard

Reliable inference from complex survey samples can be derailed by outliers and high-leverage observations induced by unequal inclusion probabilities and calibration. We develop a minimum Hellinger distance estimator (MHDE) for parametric…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-18 David Kepplinger , Anand N. Vidyashankar

We study the maximum likelihood estimator of density of $n$ independent observations, under the assumption that it is well approximated by a mixture with a large number of components. The main focus is on statistical properties with respect…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-01-19 Arnak S. Dalalyan , Mehdi Sebbar
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