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We examine the predictions of the core accretion - gas capture model concerning the efficiency of planet formation around stars with various masses. First, we follow the evolution of gas and solids from the moment when all solids are in the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Kacper Kornet , Sebastian Wolf , Michal Rozyczka

A giant planet embedded in a protoplanetary disk opens a gap by tidal interaction, and properties of the gap strongly depend on the planetary mass and disk parameters. Many numerical simulations of this process have been conducted, but…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-02 Yuki A. Tanaka , Kazuhiro D. Kanagawa , Hidekazu Tanaka , Takayuki Tanigawa

According to planetary interior models, some giant planets contain large metal masses with large metal-mass fractions. HD 149026b and TOI-849b are characteristic examples of these giant planets. It has been suggested that the envelope mass…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-04-07 Masahiro Ogihara , Yasunori Hori , Masanobu Kunitomo , Kenji Kurosaki

Planetesimal formation likely lasted for millions of years in the solar nebula, and the cold classicals in the Kuiper Belt are suggested to be the direct products of streaming instability. The presence of minor planetary bodies in the outer…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-18 Tommy Chi Ho Lau , Til Birnstiel , Sebastian Markus Stammler , Joanna Drążkowska

The composition of giant planets' atmospheres is an important tracer of their formation history. While many theoretical studies investigate the heavy-element accretion within a gaseous protoplanetary disk, the possibility of solid accretion…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-17 S. Shibata , R. Helled

Statistical analyses from exoplanet surveys around low-mass stars indicate that super-Earth and Neptune-mass planets are more frequent than gas giants around such stars, in agreement with core accretion theory of planet formation. Using…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-10-16 J. C. Morales , A. J. Mustill , I. Ribas , M. B. Davies , A. Reiners , F. F. Bauer , D. Kossakowski , E. Herrero , E. Rodríguez , M. J. López-González , C. Rodríguez-López , V. J. S. Béjar , L. González-Cuesta , R. Luque , E. Pallé , M. Perger , D. Baroch , A. Johansen , H. Klahr , C. Mordasini , G. Anglada-Escudé , J. A. Caballero , M. Cortés-Contreras , S. Dreizler , M. Lafarga , E. Nagel , V. M. Passegger , S. Reffert , A. Rosich , A. Schweitzer , L. Tal-Or , T. Trifonov , M. Zechmeister , A. Quirrenbach , P. J. Amado , E. W. Guenther , H. -J. Hagen , T. Henning , S. V. Jeffers , A. Kaminski , M. Kürster , D. Montes , W. Seifert , F. J. Abellán , M. Abril , J. Aceituno , F. J. Aceituno , F. J. Alonso-Floriano , M. Ammler-von Eiff , R. Antona , B. Arroyo-Torres , M. Azzaro , D. Barrado , S. Becerril-Jarque , D. Benítez , Z. M. Berdiñas , G. Bergond , M. Brinkmöller , C. del Burgo , R. Burn , R. Calvo-Ortega , J. Cano , M. C. Cárdenas , C. Cardona Guillén , J. Carro , E. Casal , V. Casanova , N. Casasayas-Barris , P. Chaturvedi , C. Cifuentes , A. Claret , J. Colomé , S. Czesla , E. Díez-Alonso , R. Dorda , A. Emsenhuber , M. Fernández , A. Fernández-Martín , I. M. Ferro , B. Fuhrmeister , D. Galadí-Enríquez , I. Gallardo Cava , M. L. García Vargas , A. Garcia-Piquer , L. Gesa , E. González-Álvarez , J. I. González Hernández , R. González-Peinado , J. Guàrdia , A. Guijarro , E. de Guindos , A. P. Hatzes , P. H. Hauschildt , R. P. Hedrosa , I. Hermelo , R. Hernández Arabi , F. Hernández Otero , D. Hintz , G. Holgado , A. Huber , P. Huke , E. N. Johnson , E. de Juan , M. Kehr , J. Kemmer , M. Kim , J. Klüter , A. Klutsch , F. Labarga , N. Labiche , S. Lalitha , M. Lampón , L. M. Lara , R. Launhardt , F. J. Lázaro , J. -L. Lizon , M. Llamas , N. Lodieu , M. López del Fresno , J. F. López Salas , J. López-Santiago , H. Magán Madinabeitia , U. Mall , L. Mancini , H. Mandel , E. Marfil , J. A. Marín Molina , E. L. Martín , P. Martín-Fernández , S. Martín-Ruiz , H. Martínez-Rodríguez , C. J. Marvin , E. Mirabet , A. Moya , V. Naranjo , R. P. Nelson , L. Nortmann , G. Nowak , A. Ofir , J. Pascual , A. Pavlov , S. Pedraz , D. Pérez Medialdea , A. Pérez-Calpena , M. A. C. Perryman , O. Rabaza , A. Ramón Ballesta , R. Rebolo , P. Redondo , H. -W. Rix , F. Rodler , A. Rodríguez Trinidad , S. Sabotta , S. Sadegi , M. Salz , E. Sánchez-Blanco , M. A. Sánchez Carrasco , A. Sánchez-López , J. Sanz-Forcada , P. Sarkis , L. F. Sarmiento , S. Schäfer , M. Schlecker , J. H. M. M. Schmitt , P. Schöfer , E. Solano , A. Sota , O. Stahl , S. Stock , T. Stuber , J. Stürmer , J. C. Suárez , H. M. Tabernero , S. M. Tulloch , G. Veredas , J. I. Vico-Linares , F. Vilardell , K. Wagner , J. Winkler , V. Wolthoff , F. Yan , M. R. Zapatero Osorio

The initial conditions, physics, and outcome of planet formation are now constrained by detailed observations of protoplanetary disks, laboratory experiments, and the discovery of thousands of extrasolar planetary systems. These…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-05 Philip J. Armitage

In the last few years, a number of planets have been proposed to orbit several post main-sequence binary star systems on the basis of observed variations in the timing of eclipses between the binary components. A common feature of these…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-01-28 Jonathan Horner , Robert Wittenmyer , Tobias Hinse , Jonathan Marshall , Alex Mustill

The discovery of over 400 extrasolar planets allows us to statistically test our understanding of formation and dynamics of planetary systems via numerical simulations. Traditional N-body simulations of multiple-planet systems without gas…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-18 Soko Matsumura , Edward W. Thommes , Sourav Chatterjee , Frederic A. Rasio

We show that, for a low-mass planet that orbits its host star within a few tenths of an AU (like the majority of the {\it Kepler} planets), the atmosphere it was able to accumulate while embedded in the proto-planetary disk may not survive…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-02-03 James E. Owen , Yanqin Wu

This paper presents a consistent description of the formation and the subsequent evolution of gaseous planets, with special attention to short-period, low-mass hot-Neptune planets characteristic of $\mu$ Ara-like systems. We show that core…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 I. Baraffe , Y. Alibert , G. Chabrier , W. Benz

Recently, a number of planets orbiting binary stars have been discovered by the Kepler space telescope. In a few systems the planets reside close to the dynamical stability limit. Due to the difficulty of forming planets in such close…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 Wilhelm Kley , Nader Haghighipour

Numerous circumbinary planets have been discovered in surveys of transiting planets. Often, these planets are found to orbit near to the zone of dynamical instability, close to the central binary. The existence of these planets has been…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-29 Gavin A. L. Coleman , Richard P. Nelson , Amaury H. M. J. Triaud

Recent observations have revealed two new classes of planetary orbits. Rossiter- Mclaughlin (RM) measurements have revealed hot Jupiters in high-obliquity orbits. In addition, direct-imaging has discovered giant planets at large (~ 100 AU)…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Sourav Chatterjee , Eric B. Ford , Frederic A. Rasio

I examine the implications of the recently found extrasolar planets on the planet-induced axisymmetrical mass loss model for the formation of elliptical planetary nebulae (PNs). This model, which was developed in several earlier papers by…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-03-19 Noam Soker

The occurrence rate of giant planets increases with orbital period and turns over at a location that roughly corresponds to the snow line of solar-type stars. Further, the density distribution of cold Jupiters (CJs) on the semi-major axis -…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-04 Kangrou Guo , Masahiro Ogihara , Shigeru Ida , Yasunori Hori , Kaiming Cui , Fabo Feng

Newly-formed planetary systems with ages of <10 Myr offer many unique insights into the formation, evolution, and fundamental properties of extrasolar planets. These planets have fallen beyond the limits of past surveys, but as we enter the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2009-02-19 Adam L. Kraus , Kevin Covey , Michael Liu , Stanimir Metchev , Russel White , Lisa Prato , Doug Lin , Mark Marley

When and how planets form in protoplanetary disks is still a topic of discussion. Exoplanet detection surveys and protoplanetary disk surveys are now providing results that allow us to have new insights. We collect the masses of confirmed…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-17 C. F. Manara , A. Morbidelli , T. Guillot

Recent exoplanet surveys revealed that for solar-type stars, close-in Super-Earths are ubiquitous and many of them are in multi-planet systems. These systems are more compact than the Solar System's terrestrial planets. However, there have…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-01-04 Haruka Hoshino , Eiichiro Kokubo

The discovery via gravitational waves of binary black hole systems with total masses greater than $60M_\odot$ has raised interesting questions for stellar evolution theory. Among the most promising formation channels for these systems is…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-02-19 Paul M. Ricker , Frank X. Timmes , Ronald E. Taam , Ronald F. Webbink
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