Related papers: Gaia FGK Benchmark Stars and their reference param…
The Gaia benchmark stars are stars with very precise stellar parameters that cover a wide range in the HR diagram at various metallicities. They are meant to be good representative of typical FGK stars in the Milky Way. Currently, they are…
The Gaia FGK benchmark stars are among the preferred samples of reference stars to test parametrisation pipelines of spectroscopic surveys. They consist of a small but carefully selected sample whose parameters are derived consistently and…
Context. An increasing number of high resolution stellar spectra is available today thanks to many past and ongoing spectroscopic surveys. Consequently, numerous methods have been developed in order to perform an automatic spectral analysis…
The Gaia benchmark stars (GBS) are very bright stars of different late spectral types, luminosities and metallicities. They are well-known in the Galactic archaeology community because they are widely used to calibrate and validate the…
Context. Large spectroscopic surveys devoted to the study of the Milky Way, including Gaia, use automated pipelines to massively determine the atmospheric parameters of millions of stars. The Gaia FGK Benchmark Stars are reference stars…
Gaia and its complementary spectroscopic surveys combined will yield the most comprehensive database of kinematic and chemical information of stars in the Milky Way. The Gaia FGK benchmark stars play a central role in this matter as they…
We have entered an era of large spectroscopic surveys in which we can measure, through automated pipelines, the atmospheric parameters and chemical abundances for large numbers of stars. Calibrating these survey pipelines using a set of…
In the current era of large spectroscopic surveys of the Milky Way, reference stars for calibrating astrophysical parameters and chemical abundances are of paramount importance. We determine elemental abundances of Mg, Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, V,…
The accurate determination of chemical abundances in stars plays a pivotal role in understanding stellar structure and evolution, nucleosynthesis, and the chemical enrichment history of the Milky Way. Benchmark stars with precise and…
In the era of large Milky Way spectroscopic surveys, calibrating and standardizing stellar parameters and abundance measurements is crucial. The Gaia benchmark stars (GBS) are key references points characterized by well-defined parameters…
To calibrate automatic pipelines that determine atmospheric parameters of stars, one needs a sample of stars -- ``benchmark stars'' -- with well defined parameters to be used as a reference We provide a detailed documentation of the…
In the current era, in which an unprecedented wealth of data is available for the study of the Milky Way, the Gaia Benchmark Stars (GBS) have become an established reference and calibration sample. Studies of stellar structure and…
Large Galactic stellar surveys and new generations of stellar atmosphere models and spectral line formation computations need to be subjected to careful calibration and validation and to benchmark tests. We focus on cool stars and aim at…
The advent of new and more powerful infrared spectrographs has significantly motivated the advancement of the study of atomic and molecular line lists and stellar atmosphere models. While optical abundance determinations rely on extensively…
Gaia will observe more than one billion objects brighter than V=20, including stars, asteroids, galaxies and quasars. As Gaia performs real time detection (i.e. without an input catalogue) the intrinsic properties of most of these objects…
To use libraries of observed stellar spectra, one needs to know the atmospheric parameters of the stars associated to those spectra. It is, however, hard to know what are the real levels of precision and accuracy of these parameters. To…
Gaia is a satellite mission of the European Space Agency which is creating a catalogue of extremely accurate positions, distances and space motions of two billion stars in our Galaxy, along with more than one hundred thousand solar system…
The Gaia mission is reviewed together with the expected contents of the final catalogue. It is then argued that the ultimate goal of Galactic structure studies with Gaia astrometry should be to build a dynamical model of our galaxy which is…
In the era of large-scale surveys of stars in the Milky Way, stellar ages are crucial for studying the evolution of the Galaxy. But determining ages of field stars is notoriously difficult; therefore, we attempt to determine benchmark ages…
Numerous stellar surveys have been or will provide photometric, astrometric, and spectroscopic data for a large number of stars in the Milky Way and neighbouring galaxies. Modern data processing tools and analysis methods are needed to deal…