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We present an observational study on the relationship between demographic factors and phishing susceptibility at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC). In spring 2018, we delivered phishing attacks to 450 randomly-selected…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-16 Alejandra Diaz , Alan T. Sherman , Anupam Joshi

Spam messes up users inbox, consumes resources and spread attacks like DDoS, MiM, Phishing etc., Phishing is a byproduct of email and causes financial loss to users and loss of reputation to financial institutions. In this paper we study…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Cynthia Dhinakaran , Jae Kwang lee , Dhinaharan Nagamalai

The increasing reliance on smartphones for communication, financial transactions, and personal data management has made them prime targets for cyberattacks, particularly smishing, a sophisticated variant of phishing conducted via SMS.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Diksha Goel , Hussain Ahmad , Ankit Kumar Jain , Nikhil Kumar Goel

Fraudulent activities on digital banking services are becoming more intricate by the day, challenging existing defenses. While older rule driven methods struggle to keep pace, even precision focused algorithms fall short when new scams are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Karthikeyan V. R. , Premnath S. , Kavinraaj S. , J. Sangeetha

Spear Phishing is a harmful cyber-attack facing business and individuals worldwide. Considerable research has been conducted recently into the use of Machine Learning (ML) techniques to detect spear-phishing emails. ML-based solutions may…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-04 Keelan Evans , Alsharif Abuadbba , Tingmin Wu , Kristen Moore , Mohiuddin Ahmed , Ganna Pogrebna , Surya Nepal , Mike Johnstone

Rough set theory is a new method that deals with vagueness and uncertainty emphasized in decision making. Data mining is a discipline that has an important contribution to data analysis, discovery of new meaningful knowledge, and autonomous…

Databases · Computer Science 2013-11-19 Thabet Slimani

Text phish messages, referred to as Smishing is a type of social engineering attack where fake text messages are created, and used to lure users into responding to those messages. These messages aim to obtain user credentials, install…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Muhammad Lutfor Rahman , Daniel Timko , Hamid Wali , Ajaya Neupane

The problem of detecting phishing emails through machine learning techniques has been discussed extensively in the literature. Conventional and state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms have demonstrated the possibility of building…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Luis Felipe Gutiérrez , Faranak Abri , Miriam Armstrong , Akbar Siami Namin , Keith S. Jones

Financial fraud is the cause of multi-billion dollar losses annually. Traditionally, fraud detection systems rely on rules due to their transparency and interpretability, key features in domains where decisions need to be explained.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-26 João Lucas Martins , João Bravo , Ana Sofia Gomes , Carlos Soares , Pedro Bizarro

Email phishing has become more prevalent and grows more sophisticated over time. To combat this rise, many machine learning (ML) algorithms for detecting phishing emails have been developed. However, due to the limited email data sets on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-19 Mariya Shmalko , Alsharif Abuadbba , Raj Gaire , Tingmin Wu , Hye-Young Paik , Surya Nepal

Smishing, or SMS-based phishing, poses an increasing threat to mobile users by mimicking legitimate communications through culturally adapted, concise, and deceptive messages, which can result in the loss of sensitive data or financial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Shaghayegh Hosseinpour , Sanchari Das

The most widespread type of phishing attack involves email messages with links pointing to malicious content. Despite user training and the use of detection techniques, these attacks are still highly effective. Recent studies show that it…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Daniele Lain , Yoshimichi Nakatsuka , Kari Kostiainen , Gene Tsudik , Srdjan Capkun

Autopilot is a system designed to guide a vehicle without aid. Due to increase in flight hours and complexity of modern day flight it has become imperative to equip the aircrafts with autopilot. Thus reliability and consistency of an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-04-08 Anugrah Kumar

Phishing websites remain a significant cybersecurity threat, necessitating accurate and cost-effective detection mechanisms. In this paper, we present CLASP, a novel system that effectively identifies phishing websites by leveraging…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Fouad Trad , Ali Chehab

False information can be created and spread easily through the web and social media platforms, resulting in widespread real-world impact. Characterizing how false information proliferates on social platforms and why it succeeds in deceiving…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-04-24 Srijan Kumar , Neil Shah

Phishing remains a critical cybersecurity threat, especially with the advent of large language models (LLMs) capable of generating highly convincing malicious content. Unlike earlier phishing attempts which are identifiable by grammatical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Deeksha Hareesha Kulal , Chidozie Princewill Arannonu , Afsah Anwar , Nidhi Rastogi , Quamar Niyaz

Phishing is a widespread scam activity on Ethereum, causing huge financial losses to victims. Most existing phishing scam detection methods abstract accounts on Ethereum as nodes and transactions as edges, then use manual statistics of…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Wenjia Yu , Yijun Xia , Jieli Liu , Jiajing Wu

Phishing attacks pose a significant cybersecurity threat globally. This study investigates phishing susceptibility within the Pakistani population, examining the influence of demographic factors, technological aptitude and usage, previous…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Javara A. Bukhsh , Maya Daneva , Marten van Sinderen

VirusTotal (VT) provides aggregated threat intelligence on various entities including URLs, IP addresses, and binaries. It is widely used by researchers and practitioners to collect ground truth and evaluate the maliciousness of entities.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Euijin Choo , Mohamed Nabeel , Ravindu De Silva , Ting Yu , Issa Khalil

Anti-phishing tools typically display generic warnings that offer users limited explanation on why a website is considered malicious, which can prevent end-users from developing the mental models needed to recognize phishing cues on their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Sayak Saha Roy , Cesar Torres , Shirin Nilizadeh