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In a case study we investigate whether off the shelf higher-order theorem provers and model generators can be employed to automate reasoning in and about quantified multimodal logics. In our experiments we exploit the new TPTP…
In this paper we present a constructive proof of cut elimination for a system of full second order logic with the structural rules absorbed and using sets instead of sequences. The standard problem of the cutrank growth is avoided by using…
Selection strategies are broadly used in first-order logic theorem proving to select those parts of a large knowledge base that are necessary to proof a theorem at hand. Usually, these selection strategies do not take the meaning of symbol…
Despite recent advances in automating theorem proving in full first-order theories, inductive reasoning still poses a serious challenge to state-of-the-art theorem provers. The reason for that is that in first-order logic induction requires…
The aim of this paper is to present a very simple set of conditions, necessary for the management of knowledge of a poset $T$ of two agents, which are partially ordered by the capabilities available in the system. We build up a formal…
Certain constructs allowed in Mizar articles cannot be represented in first-order logic but can be represented in higher-order logic. We describe a way to obtain higher-order theorem proving problems from Mizar articles that make use of…
This paper presents the first use of graph neural networks (GNNs) for higher-order proof search and demonstrates that GNNs can improve upon state-of-the-art results in this domain. Interactive, higher-order theorem provers allow for the…
We develop a second-order extension of intuitionistic modal logic, allowing quantification over propositions, both syntactically and semantically. A key feature of second-order logic is its capacity to define positive connectives from the…
A new viewpoint of the G\"odel's incompleteness theorem be given in this article which reveals the deep relationship between the logic and computation. Upon the results of these studies, an algorithm be given which shows how to search a…
Category theory can be used to state formulas in First-Order Logic without using set membership. Several notable results in logic such as proof of the continuum hypothesis can be elegantly rewritten in category theory. We propose in this…
Automated Theorem Proving (ATP) is an established branch of Artificial Intelligence. The purpose of ATP is to design a system which can automatically figure out an algorithm either to prove or disprove a mathematical claim, on the basis of…
The usage of elementary submodels is a simple but powerful method to prove theorems, or to simplify proofs in infinite combinatorics. First we introduce all the necessary concepts of logic, then we prove classical theorems using elementary…
We consider the task of automated theorem proving, a key AI task. Deep learning has shown promise for training theorem provers, but there are limited human-written theorems and proofs available for supervised learning. To address this…
The purpose of this work is to complete the algebraic foundations of second-order languages from the viewpoint of categorical algebra as developed by Lawvere. To this end, this paper introduces the notion of second-order algebraic theory…
We introduce a new data structure for answering connectivity queries in undirected graphs subject to batched vertex failures. Precisely, given any graph G and integer k, we can in fixed-parameter time construct a data structure that can…
Complex vector analysis is widely used to analyze continuous systems in many disciplines, including physics and engineering. In this paper, we present a higher-order-logic formalization of the complex vector space to facilitate conducting…
Algorithmic meta-theorems are general algorithmic results applying to a whole range of problems, rather than just to a single problem alone. They often have a "logical" and a "structural" component, that is they are results of the form:…
Continuous first-order logic is used to apply model-theoretic analysis to analytic structures (e.g. Hilbert spaces, Banach spaces, probability spaces, etc.). Classical computable model theory is used to examine the algorithmic structure of…
First order formulas in a relational signature can be considered as operations on the relations of an underlying set, giving rise to multisorted algebras we call first order algebras. We present universal axioms so that an algebra satisfies…
In this work, we leverage the linear algebraic structure of distributed word representations to automatically extend knowledge bases and allow a machine to learn new facts about the world. Our goal is to extract structured facts from…