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We prove that some of the basic differential functions appearing in the (unramified) theory of arithmetic differential equations, especially some of the basic differential modular forms in that theory, arise from a "ramified situation".…
Gradients and subgradients are central to optimization and sensitivity analysis of buffered failure probabilities. We furnish a characterization of subgradients based on subdifferential calculus in the case of finite probability…
In classification, it is usual to observe that models trained on a given set of classes can generalize to previously unseen ones, suggesting the ability to learn beyond the initial task. This ability is often leveraged in the context of…
We study the problem of counting real simple rational functions $\varphi$ with prescribed ramification data (i.e. a particular class of oriented real Hurwitz numbers of genus $0$). We introduce a signed count of such functions that is…
In this note, we present a novel measure of similarity between two functions. It quantifies how the sub-optimality gaps of two functions convert to each other, and unifies several existing notions of functional similarity. We show that it…
Superstatistics is a widely employed tool of non-equilibrium statistical physics which plays an important role in analysis of hierarchical complex dynamical systems. Yet, its "canonical" formulation in terms of a single nuisance parameter…
A generalized numerical semigroup is a submonoid $S$ of $\mathbb{N}^d$ with finite complement in it. We characterize isomorphisms between these monoids in terms of permutation of coordinates. Considering the equivalence relation that…
We introduce a simple yet powerful invariant relation connecting four successive terms of a class of exponentially decaying alternating functions. Specifically, for the sequence defined by f(n) = ((1/2)^n + (-1)^n) / n, we prove that the…
We introduce the notion of the generalized-analytical function of the poly-number variable, which is a non-trivial generalization of the notion of analytical function of the complex variable and, therefore, may turn out to be fundamental in…
A real vector space combined with an inverse for vectors is sufficient to define a vector continued fraction whose parameters consist of vector shifts and changes of scale. The choice of sign for different components of the vector inverse…
We introduce a new Gaussian process, a generalization of both fractional and subfractional Brownian motions, which could serve as a good model for a larger class of natural phenomena. We study its main stochastic properties and some…
We investigate the generalizability of learned binary relations: functions that map pairs of instances to a logical indicator. This problem has application in numerous areas of machine learning, such as ranking, entity resolution and link…
A predictive distribution over a sequence of $N+1$ events is said to be "frequency mimicking" whenever the probability for the final event conditioned on the outcome of the first $N$ events equals the relative frequency of successes among…
A possible method to solve the sign problem is developed by modifying the original theory. Considering several modifications of the partition function, the observable in the original theory is reconstructed from the identity connecting the…
Using the adjoint action of the infinitesimal translations (with respect to some (in)dependant variables) on specific finite-dimensional subspaces of the space of generalized symmetries of some system of partial differential equations, we…
We define a simplicial differential calculus by generalizing divided differences from the case of curves to the case of general maps, defined on general topological vector spaces, or even on modules over a topological ring K. This calculus…
Score matching is an estimation procedure that has been developed for statistical models whose probability density function is known up to proportionality but whose normalizing constant is intractable, so that maximum likelihood is…
We define the local trace function for subspaces of $\ltworn$ which are invariant under integer translation. Our trace function contains the dimension function and the spectral function defined by Bownik and Rzeszotnik and completely…
In this paper, we propose a novel generalisation of the signature of a path, motivated by fractional calculus, which is able to describe the solutions of linear Caputo controlled FDEs. We also propose another generalisation of the…
The question of defining unique, generally applicable constrained second, and higher-order, derivatives is investigated. It is shown that second-order constrained derivatives obtained via two successive constrained differentiations provide…