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The boundary term of the gravitational Hamiltonian can be used to give the values of the quasi-local quantities as long as one can provide a suitable evolution vector field and an appropriate reference. On the two-surface boundary of a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-07-04 Gang Sun , Chiang-Mei Chen , Jian-Liang Liu , James M. Nester

A quasi-local energy for Einstein's general relativity is defined by the value of the preferred boundary term in the covariant Hamiltonian formalism. The boundary term depends upon a choice of reference and a time-like displacement vector…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-28 Jian-Liang Liu , Chiang-Mei Chen , James M Nester

From a covariant Hamiltonian formulation, by using symplectic ideas, we obtain certain covariant boundary expressions for the quasilocal quantities of general relativity and other geometric gravity theories. The contribution from each of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-17 C. M. Chen , J. M. Nester

We calculate the relative conserved currents, superpotentials and conserved quantities between two homogeneous and isotropic universes. In particular we prove that their relative "energy" (defined as the conserved quantity associated to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-01-11 Bibbona Enrico , Fatibene Lorenzo , Francaviglia Mauro

The notions of "motion" and "conserved quantities", if applied to extended objects, are already quite non-trivial in Special Relativity. This contribution is meant to remind us on all the relevant mathematical structures and constructions…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-04-07 Domenico Giulini

The ``standard'' expressions for total energy, linear momentum and also angular momentum of asymptotically flat Bondi metrics at null infinity are also obtained from differential conservation laws on asymptotically flat backgrounds, derived…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-28 Joseph Katz , Dorit Lerer

We study the limit of quasilocal energy defined in [7] and [8] for a family of spacelike 2-surfaces approaching null infinity of an asymptotically flat spacetime. It is shown that Lorentzian symmetry is recovered and an energy-momentum…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2015-05-18 PoNing Chen , Mu-Tao Wang , Shing-Tung Yau

The hypothesis that the Lorentz transformations may be modified at Planck scale energies is further explored. We present a general formalism for theories which preserve the relativity of inertial frames with a non-linear action of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-05-05 Joao Magueijo , Lee Smolin

We define the (total) center of mass for suitably asymptotically hyperbolic time-slices of asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetimes in general relativity. We do so in analogy to the picture that has been consolidated for the (total) center…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2016-05-25 Carla Cederbaum , Julien Cortier , Anna Sakovich

We construct a general relativistic conservation law for linear and angular momentum for matter and gravitational fields in a finite volume of space that does not rely on any spacetime symmetries. This work builds on our previous…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-16 Richard J. Epp , Paul L. McGrath , Robert B. Mann

Given a vector field on a manifold M, we define a globally conserved quantity to be a differential form whose Lie derivative is exact. Integrals of conserved quantities over suitable submanifolds are constant under time evolution, the…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2020-02-19 Leonid Ryvkin , Tilmann Wurzbacher , Marco Zambon

In relativity, the energy of a moving particle depends on the observer, and the rest mass is the minimal energy seen among all observers. The Wang-Yau quasi-local mass for a surface in spacetime introduced in [7] and [8] is defined by…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2015-06-15 PoNing Chen , Mu-Tao Wang , Shing-Tung Yau

We study conservation laws for gravity theories invariant under general coordinate transformations. The class of models under consideration includes Einstein's general relativity theory as a special case as well as its generalizations to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-11-09 Yuri N. Obukhov , Felipe Portales-Oliva , Dirk Puetzfeld , Guillermo F. Rubilar

In any generally covariant theory of gravity, we show the relationship between the linearized asymptotically conserved current and its non-linear completion through the identically conserved current. Our formulation for conserved charges is…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-07-10 Wontae Kim , Shailesh Kulkarni , Sang-Heon Yi

The analysis of vacuum general relativity by R. Beig and N. O Murchadha (Ann. Phys. vol 174, 463 (1987)) is extended in numerous ways. The weakest possible power-type fall-off conditions for the energy-momentum tensor, the metric, the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Laszlo B. Szabados

We show that in a generic scalar-tensor theory of gravity, the ``referenced'' quasilocal mass of a spatially bounded region in a classical solution is invariant under conformal transformations of the spacetime metric. We first extend the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Sukanta Bose , Daksh Lohiya

In all 2d theories of gravity a conservation law connects the (space-time dependent) mass aspect function at all times and all radii with an integral of the matter fields. It depends on an arbitrary constant which may be interpreted as…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-17 D. Grumiller , W. Kummer

We explain the necessity of application of semi-metric in general relativity. A detailed discussion on the energy-momentum conservation in the general relativity is presented using the mathematical tool of semi-metric. By means of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-03-28 Yi-Shi Duan , Jing-Ye Zhang

How does one measure the angular momentum carried away by gravitational radiation during the merger of a binary black hole? This has been a subtle issue since the 1960's due to the discovery of ``supertranslation ambiguity": the angular…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-03-07 Mu-Tao Wang

We propose a new definition for the mass and angular momentum of neutral or electrically charged black holes in 2+1 gravity with two Killing vectors. These finite conserved quantities, associated with the SL(2,R) invariance of the reduced…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Gerard Clement