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Our representation of the Universe is built with sequences of symbols, numbers, operators, rules and undecidable propositions defining our mathematical truths, represented either by classical, quantum and probabilistic Turing Machines…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-13 Fabrizio Tamburini , Ignazio Licata

A fundamental problem in technological studies is how to measure the evolution of technology. The literature has suggested several approaches to measuring the level of technology (or state-of-the-art) and changes in technology. However, the…

Economics · Quantitative Finance 2018-03-26 Mario Coccia

In a previous paper we have investigated quantum states evolving into mutually orthogonal states at equidistant times, and the quantum anticipation effect exhibited by measurements at one half step. Here we extend our analyzes of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Hans-Rudolf Thomann

Quantum state estimation is an important task of many quantum information protocols. We consider two families of unitary evolution operators, one with a one-parameter and the other with a two-parameter, which enable the estimation of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-27 Cristian A. Galvis Florez , J. Martínez-Cifuentes , K. M. Fonseca-Romero

The expectation value <O> of an arbitrary operator O can be obtained via a universal measuring apparatus that is independent of O, by changing only the data-processing of the outcomes. Such a ``universal detector'' performs a joint…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 G. M. D'Ariano , P. Perinotti , M. F. Sacchi

The characterization of a quantum device is a crucial step in the development of quantum experiments. This is accomplished via Quantum Process Tomography, which combines the outcomes of different projective measurements to deliver a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-26 Francesco Di Colandrea , Nazanin Dehghan , Alessio D'Errico , Ebrahim Karimi

A review of the mechanisms of speciation is performed. The mechanisms of the evolution of species, taking into account the feedback of the state of the environment and mechanisms of the emergence of complexity, are considered. It is shown…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2018-07-18 Alexey V. Melkikh , Alexey V. Melkikh , Andrei Khrennikov

A mechanism is proposed that allows to interpret the temporal evolution of a physical system as a result of the inability of an observer to record its whole state and a simple example is given. It is based on a review of the concepts of…

General Physics · Physics 2010-10-15 Alberto Bicego

We present a new procedure for quantum state reconstruction based on weak continuous measurement of an ensemble average. By applying controlled evolution to the initial state new information is continually mapped onto the measured…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Andrew Silberfarb , Poul S. Jessen , Ivan H. Deutsch

We present efficient quantum algorithms for simulating time-dependent Hamiltonian evolution of general input states using an oracular model of a quantum computer. Our algorithms use either constant or adaptively chosen time steps and are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-03 Nathan Wiebe , Dominic W. Berry , Peter Hoyer , Barry C. Sanders

Quantum tomography is a process of quantum state reconstruction using data from multiple measurements. An essential goal for a quantum tomography algorithm is to find measurements that will maximize the useful information about an unknown…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-05 A. D. Moiseevskiy , G. I. Struchalin , S. S. Straupe , S. P. Kulik

Quantum tomography is an essential method of the photonic technology toolbox and is routinely used for evaluation of experimentally prepared states of light and characterization of devices transforming such states. The tomography procedure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-18 Radim Hošák , Robert Stárek , Miroslav Ježek

In spite of their evident logical character, particle statistics symmetries are not among the inherently quantum features exploited in quantum computation. A difficulty may be that, being a constant of motion of a unitary evolution, a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Giuseppe Castagnoli , Dalida Monti

Quantum process tomography (QPT) methods aim at identifying a given quantum process. The present paper focuses on the estimation of a unitary process. This class is of particular interest because quantum mechanics postulates that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-23 François Verdeil , Yannick Deville

The research presented in this article concerns the stroboscopic approach to quantum tomography, which is an area of science where quantum Physics and linear algebra overlap. In this article we introduce the algebraic structure of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-06 Artur Czerwiński

We introduce a method to perform imaginary time evolution in a controllable quantum system using measurements and conditional unitary operations. By performing a sequence of weak measurements based on the desired Hamiltonian constructed by…

In the present paper we consider the problem of description of an arbitrary generalized quantum measurement with outcomes in a measurable space. Analyzing the unitary invariants of a measuring process, we present the most general form of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-12-30 Elena R. Loubenets

Quantifying and verifying the control level in preparing a quantum state are central challenges in building quantum devices. The quantum state is characterized from experimental measurements, using a procedure known as tomography, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-28 Quoc Hoan Tran , Kohei Nakajima

The standard approach to quantum measurements is to assume that they lead to effectively instantaneous collapse of the quantum state. However, if we assume that we are unable to enforce at what exact moment of time the measurement occurs…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-20 Igor Prlina , Milutin Živković

We live in a world brimming with uncertainty, where we constantly have to make a lot of decisions under incomplete information. We are firm believers that our subjective belief cannot be computed by rigorous mathematical formula; instead…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-02-08 Lizhi Xin , Kevin Xin , Houwen Xin