Related papers: Steady-State Hadronic Gamma-Ray Emission from 100-…

{\it Fermi}-LAT has recently detected two gamma ray bubbles disposed symmetrically with respect to the Galactic plane. The bubbles have been suggested to be in a quasi-steady state, inflated by ongoing star formation over the age of the…

The Fermi bubbles are one of the most remarkable features in the gamma-ray sky revealed by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). The nature of the gamma-ray emission and the origin of the bubbles are still open questions. In this note, we…

We have modelled the high-energy astrophysics of the inner 200 pc of the Galaxy with a view to explaining the diffuse, broad-band (radio continuum to TeV gamma-ray), non-thermal signal detected from this region. Our modelling pins down the…

A pair of giant gamma-ray bubbles have been revealed by the {\it Fermi} LAT. In this paper we investigate their formation mechanism. Observations have indicated that the activity of the supermassive black hole located at the Galactic…

Data from the Fermi-LAT reveal two large gamma-ray bubbles, extending 50 degrees above and below the Galactic center, with a width of about 40 degrees in longitude. The gamma-ray emission associated with these bubbles has a significantly…

We constrain the origin of Fermi Bubbles using 2D hydrodynamical simulations of both star formation driven and black hole accretion driven wind models. We compare our results with recent observations of OVIII to OVII line ratio within and…

The Fermi bubbles (FBs) are large gamma-ray emitting lobes extending up to $55\deg$ in latitude above and below the Galactic center (GC). Although the FBs were discovered 8 years ago, their origin and the nature of the gamma-ray emission…

The enhanced star formation in the inner 100 pc of the Galaxy launches a superwind at ~1600 km s$^{-1}$ for M82-like parameters. The ram pressure of the wind is very low compared to more powerful starburst winds. I show that halo gas stops…

Motivated by the discovery of the non-thermal Fermi bubble features both below and above the Galactic plane, we investigate a scenario in which these bubbles are formed through Galacto-centric outflow. Cosmic rays (CR) both diffusing and…

The Fermi bubbles, two giant gamma-ray bubbles above and below the Galactic center (GC), are among the most important findings of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. Because of the proximity, spatially resolved, multi-wavelength…

We suggest a model of Fermi Bubbles (FBs) in the Galactic halo of the altitude about 7-8 kpc, which is seen in non-thermal microwave and gamma-ray ranges. It was assumed that this emission is generated by relativistic electrons of cosmic…

The nature of the bipolar, $\gamma$-ray Fermi bubbles (FB) is still unclear, in part because their faint, high-latitude X-ray counterpart has until now eluded a clear detection. We stack ROSAT data at varying distances from the FB edges,…

The Fermi bubbles are two large structures in the gamma-ray sky extending to $55^\circ$ above and below the Galactic center. We analyze 50 months of Fermi Large Area Telescope data between 100 MeV and 500 GeV above $10^\circ$ in Galactic…

The Fermi bubbles are part of a complex region of the Milky Way. This region presents broadband extended non-thermal radiation, apparently coming from a physical structure rooted in the Galactic Centre and with a partly-ordered magnetic…

We analyse the model of stochastic re-acceleration of electrons, which are emitted by supernova remnants (SNRs) in the Galactic Disk and propagate then into the Galactic halo, in order to explain the origin on nonthermal (radio and…

The Galactic Centre contains a supermassive black hole with a mass of 4 million suns within an environment that differs markedly from that of the Galactic disk. While the black hole is essentially quiescent in the broader context of active…

Two giant plasma lobes, known as the Fermi Bubbles, extend 10 kpc above and below the Galactic Center. Since their discovery in X-rays in 2003 (and in gamma-rays in 2010), the Bubbles have been recognized as a new morphological feature of…

In this study, we treat the Fermi bubbles as a scaled-up version of supernova remnants (SNRs). The bubbles are created through activities of the super-massive black hole (SMBH) or starbursts at the Galactic center (GC). Cosmic-rays (CRs)…

The hot halo gas distribution in the inner Milky Way (MW) contains key fossil records of the past energetic feedback processes in the Galactic center. Here we adopt a variety of spherical and disk-like MW halo gas models as initial…

A plasma instability theory is presented for the prompt radiation from gamma-ray bursts. In the theory, a highly relativistic shell interacts with the interstellar medium through the filamentation and the two-stream instabilities to convert…